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This study is about the discoveries on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of product quality with brand loyalty. It helps to extend the understanding on the perceptions of product quality of Malaysia national brand motorcycle/scooter, MODENAS and its influence towards brand loyalty, an important element in determining the customer re-purchase buying behavior. Results indicated that although from the earlier literature concluded product quality generally has significant influences towards the brand loyalty but in the case of motorcycle/scooter products, only product quality based on the perceived quality (extrinsic attribute) was found to have significant influence on the brand loyalty instead of objective quality (intrinsic attributes). These perceptions are not...
...The sample of this study totaled 350 MODENAS motorcycle/scoot...
The past is a good source of guidance on how securities markets might perform in the future. Investors face critical choices about which method to use when extrapolating from the past. Fama-French Three Factor Model attempts to explain the stock returns by using more than one risk factor (market risk factor). The current study evaluates the performance of Fama and French Three Factor model in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), by considering KSE-100 index companies as the sample representative of the overall Karachi stock exchange market. Twenty stocks were selected from Karachi Stock Exchange. Sample contains monthly stock returns of four years. The annualized six month Pakistan's T Bill rate was used as risk free rate to determine the excess returns. These excess returns were then divided ...
... of significance is less than 0.01 and in our case it is significant at (0.012). Similarly the P valu...
This paper provides a review of empirical research on pension accounting. Empirical research on pension accounting has focused mainly on two issues, the value-relevance of pension accounting information and earnings management in pension accounting. Further work has been done on the information efficiency of capital markets with regard to pension accounting information. I outline how research in these areas has evolved over the past decades and discuss the results that have been obtained. I also point out methodological issues. Furthermore, this review reveals that almost all existing studies on pension accounting are based on US accounting and capital-market data. I therefore discuss which effects national or regional differences in, for instance, pension regulation, taxation and fundi...
...In fact, it is possible, and in many cases probable, that investors will have had access to t...-usefulness are provided by the event-study methodology (Barth, 2000). However, this methodolo... for growth and risk factors, test for samples of US stock-listed companies in the 1970s whether ...
In this paper, Granger Causality test and Johansen Cointegration Technique have been employed to investigate the causality between stock and currency markets of five Asian economies namely Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Korea and Sri Lanka. Nature of short run causality between stock and currency markets has been found different in different countries. In Pakistan, India and Indonesia, it runs from exchange rate to stock market, while feed back relationship has been found in case of Korea and Sri Lanka. However, Johansen's cointegration negates the existence of any long run causality between stock and currency markets in all the sample economies. Our findings support traditional approach in the short run and asset market approach in the long run. Results have implications for policy makers...
India is one of the largest growing markets of the world. Besides urban and semi-urban areas, rural India has a huge potential. Therefore, marketers need to understand the social dynamics and attitude variations. Family has the significant influence over the buying of the consumer. Different family members of the household participate and influence at different stages of the buying. Such influences may differ among different habitants. The influence of different family members within the household such as husband dominance, wife dominance, collective dominance of both husband and wife and equal dominance of all family members had been compared between rural and urban households for different aspects/stages of buying decisions. Three durable goods from three different product categories;...
...In case of durable goods; the husbands, wives and children... with significant husband presence in INT sample. The place of residence also determines the influe...
Introduction . In 2007, we carried out a study of foster care in Andalusia, in southern Spain. Wi...A proportion of the 4,383 foster cases mentioned above for 2005 were pre-adoptive fosteri...The sample was made up of 151 kinship carers and 67 non-relat...
Advance corporation tax (ACT) increased the tax cost to UK firms of distributing cash to shareholders. We demonstrate how the tax cost arising from ACT payments affected the channels through which UK firms returned capital to shareholders. In particular, we document and describe two unconventional irregular payout methods that enabled firms to avoid paying ACT. Firms choosing these methods are associated with significantly greater ACT problems than a control sample of firms that opted for conventional self-tender offers and special dividends. Event study tests indicate that the decision to adopt tax-efficient payout methods created significant additional value for shareholders beyond the basic cash distribution decision.
This study is the first study after Beenstock, Dickinson, and Khajuria (1986) that specifically identifies those factors that are most relevant to demand for life insurance and extends the coverage from 10 to 25 OECD countries. Furthermore, this is the first study in this area to use GMM estimation as a way of unraveling some of the statistical inconsistencies that one could have observed in the past studies owing to their use of OLS estimate. (The exception is Beck and Webb, 2003, who used the instrumental variables.) Furthermore, this study is the first study to conduct an empirical study of demand for life insurance for the OECD countries for the 1990s. The main conclusion of this article is that socioeconomic and product market factors play significant roles in isolation, but have e...
... and developing countries in their sample. Although they separate developing countries from ...It is known, in that case, that aggregate demand is biased by positive skewn...
Total Quality Management (TQM) can be a key element of a successful business continuance but if not properly implemented or used can also lead to failure. The theory behind TQM is sound so the problems that can be generated from utilization and implementation must come from another source. That source is the leadership and employees of an organization. The leadership or management of an organization and the employees can greatly impact the final outcome of a TQM implementation. Accordingly the objective of the paper is to experimentally investigate the impact of leadership behavior on the success of TQM. This study is limited to ISO certified companies in Jordan. Accordingly this study implies that, the senior leaders should serve as role models in planning, communication, coaching, rev...
...This is also often the case when upper management does not have the proper com...3. Methodology. 3.1 The Sample. The sample of study consisted of 180 executives a...
This study examines the functioning of an innovative 360-degree performance appraisal system among a sample of 75 employees at a Thai university. The data for the system came from supervisors, colleagues, clients and junior staff as well as from the employees themselves. The validity of the system was examined on two occasions. While all employees were satisfied with the system, support and clerical staff in the university were more satisfied than academic staff. A number of suggestions are made for improving the 'working' of such a system in a university environment.
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