Contracts Regulation in UK Law

He then made one or two suggestions for limiting her liability, but got the impression that she was indifferent to his suggestions as though she thought it would be a waste of time to put them forward However, while he was still attempting to give his advice to Mrs. Aboody, her husband had burst into the room uninvited and in a high state of excitement.

Given that there are two innocent parties, each enjoying rights, the earlier right prevails against the later right if the acquirer of the later right knows of the earlier right (actual notice) or would have discovered it had he taken proper steps (constructive notice).

The difficulty is to establish the relationship between the law as laid down in Morgan and the long standing principle laid down in the abuse of confidence cases viz. the law requires those in a fiduciary position who enter into transactions with those to whom they owe fiduciary duties to establish affirmatively that the transaction was a fair one: see for example Demarara Bauxite Co. Ltd. v. Hubbard [1923] A.C. 673; Moodie v. Cox and Hatt [1917] 2 Ch. 71 and the discussion in the Aboody case, at pp. 962G–964C.

The person whom they chose to appoint, being a son, could be expected to have some influence over his elderly parents, and that is something of which the plaintiffs could or should have been aware. We have those two matters, the procurement of the security by the son and the relationship between the son and his elderly parents of different educational attainment.

He made an emotional scene on the day she signed and told her that if she did not sign, the company would be bankrupt and her son John would lose his home. These were heavy family pressures but not particularly unusual nor sufficient, in my opinion, to overset and bear down the will of Mrs. O'Brien. She signed because she was persuaded that it was the right thing to do, not because her husband's pressure deprived her consent of reality.

By virtue of it, the English law gives relief to one who, without independent advice, enters into a contract or transfers property for a consideration which is grossly inadequate, when his bargaining power is grievously impaired by reason of his own needs or desires, or by his own ignorance or infirmity, coupled with undue influences or pressures brought to bear on him by or for the benefit of the other.

It was no part of the solicitor's duty to advise her not to sign. It was enough if she would receive such advice as would leave her in no doubt of her right to decide whether she was willing in all the circumstances to take a risk which had been explained to her.