Negotiable Instruments in UK Law

Leading Cases
  • Westminster Bank Ltd v Hilton
    • House of Lords
    • 26 Noviembre 1926

    It is well established that the normal relation between a banker and his customer is that of debtor and creditor, but it is equally well established that quoad the drawing and payment of the customer's cheques as against money of the customer's in the banker's hands the relation is that of principal and agent. The cheque is an order of the principal addressed to the agent to pay out of the principal's money in the agent's hands the amount of the cheque to the payee thereof.

  • Marfani & Company Ltd v Midland Bank Ltd
    • Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
    • 21 Marzo 1968

    But such is the common law of England, and one of the consequences of the historic origin of the tort of conversion and its application to negotiable instruments as "goods" is that the tort at common law is one of strict liability in which the moral concept of fault in the sense of either knowledge by the doer of an act that it is likely to cause injury, loss ordamage to another, or lack of reasonable care to avoid causing injury, loss or damage to another, plays no part.

    At common law one's duty to one's neighbour who is the owner, or entitled to possession, of any goods is to refrain from doing any voluntary act in relation to his goods which is a usurpation of his proprietary or possessory rights in them.

  • R v Charles
    • Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)
    • 29 Junio 1976

    On the back is written the following: "The issuing Banks undertake that any cheque not exceeding £30 will be honoured subject to the following conditions: a. The signature on the cheque must correspond with the specimen signature on this card. The cheque must be drawn on a bank cheque form bearing the code number shown on this card." The cheque must be drawn before the expiry date of this card. The card number must be written on the reverse of the cheque by the payee."

  • R v Page (Note)
    • Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)
    • 26 Enero 1971

    (1) That the drawer has an account with that bank; (2) That he has authority to draw on it for that amount; (3) That the cheque, as drawn, is a valid order for the payment of that amount (i.e. that the present state of affairs is such that, in the ordinary course of events, the cheque will on its future presentment be duly honoured).

  • R v Lambie
    • Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)
    • 30 Julio 1980

    We would pay tribute to the lucidity with which the learned Judge presented to the jury the law which the House of Lords had declared in relation to deception in a cheque card transaction. If that analysis can be applied to this credit card deception, the summing-up is faultless. But, in our view, there is a relevant distinction between the situation described in Charles ( supra) and the situation devised by Barclays Bank for transactions involving use of their credit cards.

  • R v Kovacs
    • Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)
    • 21 Diciembre 1973

    Section 16(1) does not provide either expressly or by implication that the person deceived must suffer any loss arising from the deception. What does have to be proved is that the accused by deception obtained for himself or another a pecuniary advantage. What there must be is a causal connection between the deception used and the pecuniary advantage obtained.

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Books & Journal Articles
  • Advance fee fraud: the big lie
    • No. 2-4, January 1995
    • Journal of Financial Crime
    • 283-289
    Negotiable instruments by means of which large sums of money are transferred between banks have long been a source of fascination to the more sophisticated fraudsman. Careful study of the instrumen...
    ... ... ABSTRACT Negotiable instruments by means of which large sums of money are transferred between ... ...
  • REVIEWS
    • No. 40-2, March 1977
    • The Modern Law Review
    Book reviewed in this article: Cases and Materials on Family Law. By Peter Seago and Alastair Bissett‐Johnson. The Law of Habeas Corpus. By R. J. Sharpe. Industrial Relations and the Limits of Law....
    ... ... BRIAN HARVEY. INTRODUCTION TO NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS. By 0. MCLOUGHLIN. [Butterworths. 1975. 202 pp ... ...
  • Dead fish across the trail: illustrations of money laundering methods
    • No. 8-4, October 2005
    • Journal of Money Laundering Control
    • 305-319
    Uses examples from US case law to illustrate how money laundering has been attempted in the past. Details a large number of specific methods: cash couriers, cash conversion, safe deposit facilities...
    ... ... NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTSIn United States v Gwiazdzinski128the defendant, alawyer, ... subsequently delivered $75,000 worthof negotiable instruments to the undercover agent.In United States v Genao129Genao operated ... ...
  • Reviews
    • No. 20-5, September 1957
    • The Modern Law Review
    Trial by Jury. By The Hon. Sir Patrick Devlin. Roman Foundations of Modern Law. By H. F. Jolowicz The Code Napoléon and the Common Law Would. Editor, Bernard Schwartz. A History of English Law. By ...
    ... ... WALTER RAEBURN. THE HISTORY OF NEQOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS IN ENGLISH LAW. By J. ~(IILNEs HOLDEN. [University of London: ... have made all crossed cheques payable to order non-negotiable : “business men would soon have learnt the elementary ... ...
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Law Firm Commentaries
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