Parties to Crime in UK Law

Leading Cases
  • Crofter Hand Woven Harris Tweed Company v Veitch
    • House of Lords
    • 15 December 1941

    Conspiracy, when regarded as a crime, is the agreement of two or more persons to effect any unlawful purpose, whether as their ultimate aim, or only as a means to it, and the crime is complete if there is such agreement, even though nothing is done in pursuance of it. But the tort of conspiracy is constituted only if the agreed combination is carried into effect in a greater or less degree and damage to the Plaintiff is thereby produced.

    It is enough to say that if there is more than one purpose actuating a combination, liability must depend on ascertaining the predominant purpose. If that predominant purpose is to damage another person and damage results, that is tortious conspiracy. If the predominant purpose is the lawful protection or promotion of any lawful interest of the combiners (no illegal means being employed), it is not a tortious conspiracy, even though it causes damage to another person.

  • Jennings v Crown Prosecution Service
    • House of Lords
    • 14 May 2008

    The rationale of the confiscation regime is that the defendant is deprived of what he has gained or its equivalent. He cannot, and should not, be deprived of what he has never obtained or its equivalent, because that is a fine. This must ordinarily mean that he has obtained property so as to own it, whether alone or jointly, which will ordinarily connote a power of disposition or control, as where a person directs a payment or conveyance of property to someone else.

  • R v Anderson (William Ronald)
    • House of Lords
    • 11 July 1985

  • Jennings v Crown Prosecution Service
    • Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
    • 24 June 2005

    contemplates that the defendant in question should have been instrumental in getting the property out of the crime. Not necessarily the only cause: there may, plainly, be other actors playing their parts. All that is required is that the defendant's acts should have contributed, to a non-trivial (that is, not de minimis) extent, to the getting of the property. This is no more than an instance of the common law's conventional approach to questions of causation.

  • R v Beck
    • Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)
    • 02 December 1981

    While we in no way wish to detract from the obligation upon a Judge to advise a jury to proceed with caution where there is material to suggest that a witness's evidence may be tainted by an improper motive, and the strength of that advice must vary according to the facts of the case, we cannot accept that there is any obligation to give the accomplice warning with all that entails, when it is common ground that there is no basis for suggesting that the witness is a participant or in any way involved in the crime the subject matter of the trial.

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Legislation
  • Serious Crime Act 2015
    • UK Non-devolved
    • January 01, 2015
    ... ... (2) Before giving any directions under subsection (1), the court must give an opportunity to be he ... (a) the PPO receiver, ... (b) the parties to the proceedings for the appointment of the PPO receiver and for the prohibitory property order concerned, ... (c) any person who may be interested ... ...
  • Crime and Courts Act 2013
    • UK Non-devolved
    • January 01, 2013
    ... ... (4) The Secretary of State must take steps to put in place arrangements for protecting the position in costs of parties to relevant claims who have entered into agreements under section 58 of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 ... (5) This section is not to be ... ...
  • The Criminal Procedure Rules 2015
    • UK Non-devolved
    • January 01, 2015
    ... ... 1(1) and (3) of Part 1 of Schedule 2 to, the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 (c. 24). # F23 2002 c. 29. # F24 1981 c. 54; section ... made by the court; and(c) at once inform the court and all parties of any significant failure (whether or not that participant is responsible ... ...
  • Domestic Abuse Act 2021
    • UK Non-devolved
    • January 01, 2021
    ... ... (1) Section 9 of the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 (establishment and conduct of domestic homicide ... (a) P, and the person for whose protection the order is sought, are parties to any family or civil proceedings, and(b) the court would have power to ... ...
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Books & Journal Articles
  • Recent Book: An Old Friend to Help: Criminal Law
    • No. 52-1, January 1979
    • Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles
    ... ... been made by case law to the following subjects: mens rea, parties to crime, theft and obtaining by deception, incitement, attempt, ... ...
  • Recent Book: Criminal Law: Text and Materials
    • No. 58-4, October 1985
    • Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles
    ... ... rea toactus reus, general defences, causation, inchoate offences, parties to crime, non-fatal offences against the person, homicide, concluding with ... ...
  • Recent Book: A Vexed Subject: Practical Police Prosecuting
    • No. 52-1, January 1979
    • Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles
    ... ... been made by case law to the following subjects: mens rea, parties to crime, theft and obtaining by deception, incitement, attempt, ... ...
  • Recent Book: Human Rights and the Police
    • No. 58-4, October 1985
    • Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles
    ... ... of 582 pages comprising nine chapters concerned with crime and punishment, the general principles of liability, the ... actus reus, general defences, causation, inchoate offences, parties to crime, non- fatal offences against the person, homicide, ... ...
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Law Firm Commentaries
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Forms
  • guidance
    • HM Courts & Tribunals Service court and tribunal forms
    Upper Tribunal (Tax and Chancery Chamber) forms and guidance documents including the judicial review form.
    ... ... Appeals by HM Revenue and Customs, the Serious Organised Crime Agency or the Charity ... Commission ... Before you can appeal – page 6 ... Tax payers, businesses and public bodies who are parties at the First-tier Tribunal can ... appeal to the Upper Tribunal (Tax and ... ...
  • Apply to extend a representation order
    • HM Courts & Tribunals Service court and tribunal forms
    Crown Court forms including the form to extend a representation order.
    ... ... be done before the application is finally approved and before the parties" are notified ... \t\t\t\t               Signature ………………\xE2\x80" ... Cases including section 5 of the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004, as amended (if a fatality has resulted); ... ... ...
  • Ask a tax judge to determine a dispute (notice of appeal)
    • HM Courts & Tribunals Service court and tribunal forms
    First-tier Tribunal (Tax) forms including the application to close an enquiry.
    ... ... Welsh Revenue Authority (WRA) or the National Crime Agency (NCA) ... All references below to HMRC include the UKBF, WRA and ... • write to confirm the next steps ... • contact any other parties and ask them to respond ... If you have any questions, you can contact the ... ...
  • Notice of application to consider the financial position of the respondent after divorce / dissolution
    • HM Courts & Tribunals Service court and tribunal forms
    Forms to apply for a divorce, dissolve a civil partnership or legally separate, including the D8 application and financial order forms.
    ... ... a domestic violence protection notice issued under section 24 of the Crime ... and Security Act 2010 against a prospective party; ... a relevant ... a child is one of the prospective parties by virtue of Rule 12.3(1) ... (i) the prospective applicant has contacted ... ...
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