Punitive Remedies in UK Law
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Borders (UK) Ltd and Others v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis and Another
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First, in my judgment, Part VI of the 1988 Act was not intended to negate a proper claim for exemplary damages in civil proceedings. But it plainly contemplates that the victim's proper civil claims are to be preserved and is a strong indication that the Crown Court should usually avoid double counting—see also the discretionary safeguards in section 72AA.
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Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago v Ramanoop
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An award of compensation will go some distance towards vindicating the infringed constitutional right. The fact that the right violated was a constitutional right adds an extra dimension to the wrong. An additional award, not necessarily of substantial size, may be needed to reflect the sense of public outrage, emphasise the importance of the constitutional right and the gravity of the breach, and deter further breaches.
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John v MGN Ltd
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In assessing the appropriate damages for injury to reputation the most important factor is the gravity of the libel; the more closely it touches the plaintiff's personal integrity, professional reputation, honour, courage, loyalty and the core attributes of his personality, the more serious it is likely to be. The extent of publication is also very relevant: a libel published to millions has a greater potential to cause damage than a libel published to a handful of people.
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Broome v Cassell & Company Ltd
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It would embrace all persons purporting to exercise powers of government, central or local, conferred upon them by statute or at common law by virtue of the official status or employment which they held.
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Kuddus v Chief Constable of Leicestershire Constabulary
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Exemplary damages or punitive damages, the terms are synonymous, stand apart from awards of compensatory damages. They are additional to an award which is intended to compensate a plaintiff fully for the loss he has suffered, both pecuniary and non-pecuniary. They are intended to punish and deter.
From time to time cases do arise where awards of compensatory damages are perceived as inadequate to achieve a just result between the parties. On occasion conscious wrongdoing by a defendant is so outrageous, his disregard of the plaintiff's rights so contumelious, that something more is needed to show that the law will not tolerate such behaviour. Without an award of exemplary damages, justice will not have been done.
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Mafo v Adams
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As I understand Lord Devlin's speech, the circumstances in which exemplary damages may be obtained have been drastically reduced, but the range of offences in respect of which they may be granted has been increased, and I see no reason since Rookes, v Barnard why, when considering a claim for exemplary damages, one should regard the nature of the tort as excluding the claim.
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Private International Law (Implementation of Agreements) Act 2020
... ... extent that, the judgment awards damages, including exemplary or punitive damages, that do not compensate a party for actual loss or harm suffered ... ...
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Crime and Courts Act 2013
... ... other remedies would not be adequate to punish that conduct ... Part 1: Community orders: punitive elements ... (1) ... ...
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Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011
... ... with those standards of conduct that are created, and create remedies for failures to comply with them; and ... the award of costs (including, but not limited to, punitive costs) or expenses; ... ...
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Sexual Harassment and Australian Anti-Discrimination Law
This paper examines the law of sexual harassment in Australia and concludes that, while there is extensive legislative coverage at Commonwealth, State and Territory levels, this coverage is uneven....... ... with respect to procedure in sexual harassment cases and remedies in a jurisdiction where punitive damages are not allowed. The paper ... ...
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Bringing Effective Remedies Home: The Inter-American Human Rights System, Reparations, and the Duty of Prevention
This article explores how the Inter-American Court of Human Rights applies pecuniary and non-pecuniary reparations judgments in an effort to compel States to comply with the duty of prevention and ...... ... In conclusion, the authorproposes that the Court begin to use punitive measures in order to compel States to begin erectinginternal remedies at home and thus strengthening domestic protection of human rights.1 ... ...
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Legal questions on financial market abuse. Criminal punishment penalties versus private law remedies
Purpose: – The purpose of this study is to underline the impact that globalization of financial markets has on national punishment policies. The US financial crisis has strongly affected consumers’...... ... chance to rise some questions concerning mainly three aspects:(1) the level of censorship;(2) forms and nature of responsibility; and(3) punitive models and their micro- and macro-economic effects.These questions are of enormous dimensions, so that this study does not pretend to giveanswers, ... ...
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Effective Deterrence v Accessible Remedies: What Not to Borrow from US Discrimination Law
At a time when the UK consults on the appropriate powers and mission of a new single equality commission, the fight against discrimination must avoid unintentionally eroding the ability of the empl...... ... ).In the US, the social change project has appropriated the formal system foremployment discrimination dispute resolution by emphasizing punitive (exemp-lary) damages, class action lawsuits, and government funded strategic litigation tosend strong deterrent messages, with the result that that ... ...
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SEC: Time Out?
... ... in 2017 have found that actions brought by the SEC which are punitive in nature, regardless of any monetary sanction, are subject to statutory ... in New Jersey threw the SEC's case out on the basis that the remedies sought were still punitive in nature; the sanctions sought would ... ...
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Women And Equalities Select Committee Report On NDAs
... ... time limits in other discrimination claims; Improving the remedies available in discrimination claims, to include a significant increase in he Vento bands, punitive damages and a presumption that the employer will bear an employee's costs ... ...
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Use Of NDAs In Discrimination Cases
... ... These include: ... Remedies: the WESC had recommended various increases to the remedies available in exual harassment claims: an introduction of punitive damages, a presumption that employers would pay the employee's legal costs ... ...
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ERISA Implications For A Personal Accident Claim In The US
... ... Secondly, the remedies and relief available under ERISA are also different as compared to those ... participant cannot recover extra-contractual, compensatory, or punitive/bad faith damages under ERISA - remedies that are only typically available ... ...