Crime and Sentencing Robbery with Aggravation in UK Law
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The Hate Threshold
Hate crime laws have emerged within a climate of penal expansion and identity politics. They contain ideological claims designed to reconfigure social norms and regimes of difference. This article ...... ... in the Construction of Prejudice-motivated Crime Gail Mason University of Sydney, Australia ... Analysis of Australian sentencing aggravation law reveals that co urts have set a ... effect by sending the message that ‘people with dis- abilities, particular sexual orientations ... - native motive for the offence, such as robbery or a pre-existing dispute with the victim, the ... ...
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Multiple-Victim Murder, Multiple Murders and Sched. 21 to the Criminal Justice Act 2003
A small proportion of convicted murderers kill more than one victim: some kill two or more victims by a single act; others kill one at a time. Schedule 21 to the Criminal Justice Act 2003 identifie...... ... furtherance of a robbery or burglary, or for payment, or in the ... defendant intended to obstruct or interfere with the course of ... justice by committing the ... Where there is no such accompanying aggravation, there should be a lower starting point (of 30 ... than exhaustive4 and it is for the sentencing judges to ... 4 See the text relating to n. 3 ... proportionate sentences the gravity of any crime is a combination of the actual or threatened harm ... ...
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Legal Commentary Sentencing Youths: Distinctiveness and Individualism
... ... time of their offence (armed commercial robbery and looting), media reporting also expressed ... As a starting point for those less familiar with youth justice in the United Kingdom, it may be ... offending by children and young persons (Crime and Disorder Act 1998 s.37(1)). Courts ... The principal aggravation lay in the robbery being committed by a group ... ...
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The individualization of punishment: Sentencing in Slovenia
Sentencing issues are discussed at length in common law systems, but discussions infrequently include civil law systems. In an attempt to remedy this oversight somewhat, the article analyses the se...... ... With regard to criminal justice issues, it has ely low crime and imprisonment rates, but the latter has been ... crime > 5 years > 5 years 1–8 years Robbery (Art. 206) Use of threat and/or force Multiple ... 4 Mitigation and aggravation Mitigating and aggravating circumstances are ... ...
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Measuring jurors’ views on sentencing: Results from the second Australian jury sentencing study
This paper presents the results of the Victorian Jury Sentencing Study which aimed to measure jurors’ views on sentencing. The study asked jurors who had returned a guilty verdict to propose a sent...... ... that in general their sentences are in line with members of the public who have been selected for ... and nonrepresentative’ media accounts of crime that focus on ‘the violent and extreme’ ... selected number of crimes – rape, armed robbery, causing serious injury recklessly and burglary ... members think about sources of aggravation and mitigation. Several reasons why such surveys ... ...
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In Court
... ... judicial developments that inform sentencing, early release and court welfare practice. In an important judgement with implications for agencies such as the ... term on conviction for a second grave crime. In the first three instances mistakes at ... a rather inept, low value robbery, he received a s2 life sentence because of ... of the 1998 Act requiring racial aggravation to be treated as an aggravating factor for ... ...
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General sentencing issues
... ... mother: Balancing offence aggravation with offender mitigation Aged in her early 20s, ... properly regarded as ‘an ugly and vicious crime’ that should always attract severe, deterrent ... Staged robbery: Suspension of imprisonment H., her partner O’C ... ...
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Contextual culpability: How drinking and social context impact sentencing of violence
The controversial effect of intoxication on sentencing outcomes has received renewed attention with a series of new empirical studies. However, these studies have relied on survey data that conflat...... ... outcomes has received renewed attention with a series of new empirical studies. However, these ... serious crimes, such as murder, rape and robbery, that cannot be heard at a magistrates court1 as ... as to when and how to apply this aggravation (Lightowlers, 2019; Lightowlers and ... (ONS) and Ministry of Justice (MoJ) crime reporting conventions.3 These records were ... ...
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Contextual culpability: How drinking and social context impact sentencing of violence
The controversial effect of intoxication on sentencing outcomes has received renewed attention with a series of new empirical studies. However, these studies have relied on survey data that conflat...... ... outcomes has received renewed attention with a series of new empirical studies. However, these ... serious crimes, such as murder, rape and robbery, that cannot be heard at a magistrates court1 as ... as to when and how to apply this aggravation (Lightowlers, 2019; Lightowlers and ... (ONS) and Ministry of Justice (MoJ) crime reporting conventions.3 These records were ... ...
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Exploring the punitive surge: Crown Court sentencing practices before and after the 2011 English riots
The English summer riots of 2011 resulted in the criminal justice system having to process an unprecedented number of offenders in a short timeframe. This study explores sentencing practice in the ...... ... for burglary increased to a level associated with more serious offences, thereby undermining the ... on: the relevant mitigating and aggravation factors considered by the judge (in relation to ... to changes in sentencing practices for robbery offences unre- lated to the riots. Third, we ... people were tempted by events to commit a crime, a significantly higher percentage of offenders ... ...
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