Gender Discrimination in UK Law
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James v Eastleigh Borough Council
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This is because, as I see it, cases of direct discrimination under section 1(1)( a) can be considered by asking the simple question: would the complainant have received the same treatment from the defendant but for his or her sex?
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R v Immigration Appeal Tribunal, ex parte Shah
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To identify a social group, one must first identify the society of which it forms a part. Within that society, it seems to me that women form a social group of the kind contemplated by the Convention. Discrimination against women in matters of fundamental human rights on the ground that they are women is plainly in pari materiae with discrimination on grounds of race. It offends against their rights as human beings to equal treatment and respect.
What is the reason for the persecution which the appellants fear? Here it is important to notice that it is made up of two elements. First, there is the threat of violence to Mrs Islam by her husband and his political friends and to Mrs Shah by her husband. This is a personal affair, directed against them as individuals. Secondly, there is the inability or unwillingness of the State to do anything to protect them. The evidence was that the State would not assist them because they were women.
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R (Carson) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
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If this prerequisite is satisfied, the essential question for the court is whether the alleged discrimination, that is, the difference in treatment of which complaint is made, can withstand scrutiny. There may be such an obvious, relevant difference between the claimant and those with whom he seeks to compare himself that their situations cannot be regarded as analogous.
In its judgments the European Court of Human Rights often refers to "very weighty reasons" being required to justify discrimination on these particularly sensitive grounds. This appears, for instance (in relation to cases of discrimination on the ground of sex) in Abdulaziz, Cabales and Balkandali v United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 471, 501, para 78; Schmidt v Germany (1994) 18 EHRR 513, 527, para 24; Van Raalte v Netherlands (1997) 24 EHRR 503, 518-519, para 39.
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R Navarro v Secretary of State for the Home Department
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I then raised with the Claimant if that is the case, what else can be done to ameliorate the historic discrimination and I am satisfied that there is no other remedy available to him within the British Nationality Act 1981, as amended. He, of course, is no longer a child under 18 and therefore cannot pursue a claim for discretionary registration.
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Lambert v Lambert
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Whilst I accept Mr Pointer's submission that the judge has a duty to assess each and every one of the section 25(2) criteria that bear on outcome and equally that judges of the Family Division have great expertise in making value judgments, I do not accept that the duty requires a detailed critical appraisal of the performance of each of the parties during the marriage.
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Equality Act 2010
...... and restate the greater part of the enactments relating to discrimination and harassment related to certain personal characteristics; to enable ... . age;. . . disability;. . . gender reassignment;. . . marriage and civil partnership;. . . pregnancy and ......
- Sex Discrimination (Gender Reassignment) Regulations 1999
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Gender Recognition Act 2004
...... 13 Social security benefits and pensions . Schedule 5 (entitlement to benefits and pensions) has effect. S-14 . Discrimination 14 Discrimination . 14 Discrimination . Schedule 6 (amendments of Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (c. 65) and Sex Discrimination (Northern Ireland) ......
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Equality Act 2006
...... the Disability Rights Commission; to make provision about discrimination on grounds of religion or belief; to enable provision to be made about ... . (a) age,. . . (b) disability,. . . (c) gender,. . . (d) proposed, commenced or completed reassignment of gender ......
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Gender Discrimination in Training: a Note
Existing research evidence generally leads to the conclusion that females are disadvantaged in terms of access to job‐related training. This paper reconsiders the evidence for Australia using data ...
- Gender discrimination and grooming codes in the labour (super)market
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Gender Discrimination in Training: An Australian Perspective
Analysis of the Australian How Workers Get Their Training survey indicates considerable male‐female differentials in the incidence and duration of training. For external training, which women can u...
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Gender discrimination and juries in the 20th century
This article presents a comparative study of the 20th-century exclusion of women from participation on juries. It explains that until the 1970s, and in some cases even the 1990s, substantial formal...
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HR Two Minute Monthly: discrimination; gender pay gap reporting; equal pay
Our February update considers recent developments in employment law, including cases on discrimination and equal pay. We also outline other points of note, including developments relating to right ...
- Worker Identifying As Gender-fluid Awarded '180,000 In Milestone Discrimination Case
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Mayer Brown Employment Law Podcast Episode 208: Discrimination Update – interim relief and gender critical beliefs
In episode 208 of our Employment podcast, Christopher Fisher is looking at two recent discrimination cases dealing with two important issues – will interim relief remedies be introduced for discrim...
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What protection do employees have from discrimination on grounds of gender in the UK?
Although discrimination on grounds of gender – or sex – regarding pay and other contractual terms of employment was first made unlawful in Great Britain in 1970 under the Equal Pay Act, sex discrim...