Aggression in schizophrenia, bipolar and major depression disorder
| Date | 19 January 2023 |
| Pages | 349-359 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1108/JACPR-11-2022-0756 |
| Published date | 19 January 2023 |
| Subject Matter | Health & social care,Criminology & forensic psychology,Aggression,conflict & peace,Sociology,Gender studies,Gender violence,Political sociology,policy & social change,Social conflicts,War/peace |
| Author | Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh,Sadra Ghazanfari Pour,Parisa Divsalar |
Aggression in schizophrenia, bipolar
and major depression disorder
Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh, Sadra Ghazanfari Pour and Parisa Divsalar
Abstract
Purpose –The risk of aggression is higher among people with psychiatric disorders. This study aims to
determine the association of aggression with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive
disorder (MDD) in patients referred to Shahid Beheshti Teaching Hospital in Kerman.
Design/methodology/approach –This was a cross-sectional study of 518 patients diagnosed with
schizophrenia,BD and MDD who met the inclusion criteriaand were compared with a comparisongroup.
All participants completed the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Independent samples t-
test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between the score of
BPAQ and other variables.The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13), Young Mania RatingScale (YMRS)
and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) were completed by MDD, BD and schizophrenia
patients,respectively.
Findings –The mean score of total aggression and its components in the comparison group was
significantly(P-value = 0.001) lower than that of the other groups. However, no significantdifference was
observed between the three schizophrenia, MDD and BD groups. The total aggression score of BPAQ
had a significantpositive correlation with BDI-13and YMRS and a significant negativecorrelation with the
PANSS score. Single patients with schizophrenia and people in the comparison group with lower
educationlevels had a higher total aggressionscore.
Originality/value –Sufferingfrom BD, MDD and schizophrenia, especiallyin single patients with a lower
education level, is associated with physical and verbal aggression, anger and hostility, which
emphasizesthe need for periodic examination and screeningof aggressive behaviors in these patients.
Keywords Aggression, Psychiatric disorders, Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder,
Major depressive disorder
Paper type Research paper
Introduction
Anger is a natural emotion ranging from mild excitement to intense anger (O’Neill, 2006).
Furthermore, aggression is a behavior in which one causes harm to oneself, another person
or property. Aggression typically affects a person’s ability to adapt on a personal and social
level, as well as his/her ability to ensure the safety and mental health of his/her family and
other social groups (Lamb and Weinberger, 2001). Anger and aggression are expressed
through physical aggression, verbal aggression, hostility, opposition, criticism, resentment
and repetitive talk about something (Xie et al.,2016). The World Health Organization listed
violence as one of the top 20 causes of lost years of working age due to disability
(Rutherford et al.,2007).
Aggression may appear in various ways. Its verbal and physical forms repr esent the
instrumental or behavioral components, anger represents the emoti onal aspect and hostility
represents the cognitive aspect of aggression (Buss and Perry, 1992). Some studies have
revealed a strong link between psychiatric disorders and vi olent behavior and that people with
severe psychiatric disorders are at high risk of displaying agg ressive behavior (Cale and
Lilienfeld, 2006;Nyberg et al.,2003). The risk of aggression is higher among people with
Mohammad Javad
Najafzadeh, Sadra
Ghazanfari Pour and Parisa
Divsalar are all based at the
Psychiatry Department,
Kerman University of
Medical Sciences, Kerman,
Iran.
Received 19 November 2022
Revised 7 December 2022
28 December 2022
Accepted 29 December 2022
We appreciate all people who
participate in the study. Also,
we would like to thank the
Kerman University of Medical
Sciences for funding us.
DOI 10.1108/JACPR-11-2022-0756 VOL. 15 NO. 4 2023,pp. 349-359, ©Emerald Publishing Limited, ISSN 1759-6599jJOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, CONFLICT AND PEACE RESEARCH jPAGE 349
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