Chapter ESM11040
| Published date | 07 March 2016 |
| Record Number | ESM11040 |
| Court | HM Revenue & Customs |
| Issuer | HM Revenue & Customs |
Where a worker performs work themselves, this is called personal service. A requirement to provide personal service is an essential feature of an employment relationship. See ESM0530 and ESM0531 for further guidance.
If a worker sends someone else to do the work for them this is called substitution. If a worker has a right to send a substitute this suggests that they are not an employee.
If the client pays the...
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