Emigration, population shrinkage and a rationale for local solutions: Lessons for local governments and NGOs
| Published date | 01 April 2022 |
| Author | Thomas Andrew Bryer,Vaiva Kalesnikaite,Egle Butkeviciene,Egle Vaidelyte,Jolanta Vaiciuniene |
| Date | 01 April 2022 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12871 |
208
|
International Migration. 2022;60:208–221.
wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/imig
Received: 4 Sept ember 2020
|
Revised: 17 March 2021
|
Accepted: 30 Apr il 2021
DOI: 10.1111/imig.12871
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Emigration, population shrinkage and a rationale
for local solutions: Lessons for local governments
and NGOs
Thomas Andrew Bryer1| Vaiva Kalesnikaite2| Egle Butkeviciene3|
Egle Vaidelyte3| Jolanta Vaiciuniene3
© 2021 The Author s. Internationa l Migration © 2021 IOM
This resear ch is implemente d under the proj ect "The impo rtance of non- economic fa ctors to the em igration of the Li thuanian pop ulation", funde d
by the Researc h Council of Lith uania under th eProgramme " Improvement of re searchers' q ualificatio n by implementi ng world- class R&D projects"
(Agreem ent No. 09.3.3- LMT- K- 712- 01- 170).
1Kaunas Unive rsity of Technology,
Universit y of Central Florida , Orlando, FL,
USA
2State Univers ity of New York at Brockpo rt,
Brockpor t, NY, USA
3Kaunas Unive rsity of Technology, Or lando,
FL, USA
Correspondence
Thomas Andr ew Bryer, Kaunas Unive rsity
of Technology, Unive rsity of Central Fl orida,
4000 Ce ntral Florida Blvd , Orlando, FL
32816- 1395, USA.
Email: thomas.bryer@ktu.lt
Funding information
Research Cou ncil of Lithuania, G rant/Award
N u m b e r : 0 9 . 3 .3 - L M T - K - 71 2 – 01 – 1 7 0
Abstract
Emigration and population shrinkage are challenges faced
in countries and communitie s throughout the world. Based
on a sys tematic liter ature analy sis of approximately 600
articles, we examine volunt ary emigration through the lens
of non- economic factors, establishing a cohesive and co-
herent view of the literature landscape across dis ciplines
and enabling disc ussion of how local governments an d
non- governmental organizations might respond to emigra-
tion pressures na tionally and locally. The facto rs identified
in the literat ure are set w ithin seven conceptual catego-
ries: personal ambition, personal relationships, quality of
life, quality of working li fe, future opportunity, fitness to
enter a new society and quality of governance. Focusing on
these facto rs, a set of tools for loc al government and non-
governmental orga nization action are proposed to m anage
emigration- induced population shrinkage, including citizen
participation, strategic planning and management, cross-
sector partnerships and capacity investments in the no n-
profit sector.
KEYWORDS
emigration, n on- econo mic factors, shrink age, local governments
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