Excessive Remuneration and the Unfair Prejudice Remedy

Date01 June 2009
DOI10.3366/E1364980909000687
Published date01 June 2009
Pages517-519

The remuneration of company directors continues to be a controversial subject. Most recently the strength of the relationship between the pay and performance of listed company directors has been questioned. The Government's response with regard to listed companies has been to require greater disclosure and to provide shareholders with an advisory vote on the remuneration report.1

Companies Act 2006 s 439.

With much attention focused on listed companies it is easy to overlook the fact that disputes concerning remuneration also arise in private companies, where allegations that excessive remuneration has been paid are not uncommon under the unfair prejudice remedy (section 994 of the Companies Act 2006).2

See formerly Companies Act 1985 s 459.

Section 994 furnishes shareholders in small companies with their principal form of statutory protection. It provides the right to petition the court for relief where the company's affairs are being, or have been, conducted in an unfairly prejudicial manner. The leading authority is O'Neill v Phillips,3

[1999] 1 WLR 1092.

in which Lord Hoffmann provided a twofold test of unfairness that has been followed in Scotland.4

See e.g. Anderson v Hogg 2002 SC 190; Wilson v Jaymarke Estates [2005] CSIH 84, 2006 SCLR 510.

According to Lord Hoffmann, unfairness arises where there has been a breach of the terms on which it is was agreed the company's affairs would be conducted (the first head of unfairness) or where the majority has exercised a power in a manner regarded by equity as contrary to good faith (the second head)

Uncertainty nevertheless exists regarding the circumstances in which the payment of excessive remuneration will found a successful section 994 petition. This is because such petitions invariably contain many interrelated claims, making it difficult to determine the importance attached by the courts to individual allegations of unfairly prejudicial conduct. Moreover, decisions prior to O'Neill continue to be cited in argument although their significance in the light of Lord Hoffmann's judgment is not always considered. These points are well illustrated by Fowler v Gruber,5

[2009] CSOH 36.

which came before the Outer House earlier this year THE DECISION

In Fowler, a minority shareholder (the petitioner) argued that the company's majority shareholder and sole director (the respondent) had conducted the company's affairs in an unfairly prejudicial manner. The alleged unfairly prejudicial conduct included the...

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