Feminization of refugee: Intersectionality, solidarity, resistance
| Published date | 01 February 2023 |
| Author | Ulaş Sunata,Selin Özsoy |
| Date | 01 February 2023 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12990 |
International Migration. 2023;61:273–287.
|
273
wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/imig
When looking at the history of migration studies, it is clear to see that the effects of gender have been disre-
garded (Mahle r & Pessar, 2006). Particularly the ef fects of women and inversel y how women are affected from
the process of migr ation have been majorly neglec ted in migration studies th roughout the stages of migra tion.1.
Chronologic ally, as a result of the feminist movemen t and its impact on many field s including migration, st arting
from the 1960s women wer e first beginning to be incor porated into migration stu dies; however, due to the clas-
sical gendere d perception on women and the ir assigned roles within th e society, women were regarde d as ‘wives
and mothers’ of me n rather than individual bei ngs. In this sense they were treate d as the subjects of men, even
objects. S uccessively, the phrase ‘migrant s and their families’ impl ied male migrants and thei r wives and children
and never used in the reverse context (Boyd & Grieco, 2003). Although the invisibility problem of women was
beginning to be en gaged with, the unders tanding of ‘women's place is i n the home’ attitude cont inued for several
decades and i s still present in migration st udies. Looking at the persp ectives of receiving countri es, their migra-
tion policies often view men as independent migrants and confine women into a dependent status regarding her
Received: 1 July 2 021
|
Revised: 23 Decem ber 2021
|
Accepted: 10 Februa ry 2022
DOI: 10.1111/imig.12990
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Feminization of refugee: Intersectionality,
solidarity, resistance
UlaşSunata1,2 |SelinÖzsoy1
© 2022 The Auth ors. Internation al Migration © 2022 IO M
1Bahçeşehir U niversity, Center of M igration
and Urban Stud ies (BAUMUS), Beşik taş/
İstanbul, Turkey
2Departm ent of Sociology, Facult y of
Economics, Administrative and Social
Sciences, B ahçeşehir Univer sity, Istanbul,
Turkey
Correspondence
Ulaş Sunata , Bahçeşehir Unive rsity, Center
of Migration an d Urban Studies (BAUM US),
Ciragan Ca d. Osmanpasa Mek tebi Sok.
34353 Besiktas/Istanbul.
Emails: ulas.sunata@eas.bau.edu.tr;
ulassunata@gmail.com
Funding information
The authors d eclare that no fund s, grants
or other suppo rt was received. T he authors
have no relevant f inancial or non- financial
interests to disclose.
Abstract
This work aims to examine a p ossible change of feminist civil
society pertaining to inclusivity with a particular interest
in violence. It evaluates state- civil society relations, coping
mechanisms with domestic violence and solidarity patterns
with female refugee s. It proposes a novel theoretical contr i-
bution, ‘feminiz ation of refugee’ suggesting a posit ive shift in
the empowerment of refugee women through bidirectional
solidarity, intersectionality and resistance which conse-
quently diversifies and invigorates the civil society itself. The
findings sugges t that the manifestation of a re sistant civil so-
ciety in Turkey inclined to withho ld a strong feminist stance
with a rights- based approach. The f indings further manifest
a growing need towards she lters in the pandemic exper ience
which recalls capacity building requirements of civil society
for refugee women against violence.
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