Fiyaz Mughal v Telegraph Media Group Ltd
| Jurisdiction | England & Wales |
| Judge | Mr Justice Tugendhat |
| Judgment Date | 07 May 2014 |
| Neutral Citation | [2014] EWHC 1371 (QB) |
| Date | 07 May 2014 |
| Docket Number | Case No: HQ14D00158 |
| Court | Queen's Bench Division |
[2014] EWHC 1371 (QB)
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE
QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION
Royal Courts of Justice
Strand, London, WC2A 2LL
The Honourable Mr Justice Tugendhat
Case No: HQ14D00158
Ms Sara Mansoori and Mr Edward Craven (instructed by Farooq Bajwa & Co Solicitors) for the Claimant
Mr David Price QC (of David Price Solicitors and Advocates) for the Defendant
Hearing dates: 30 April 2014
This libel action arises out of the publication of an article in the Comment pages of the issue of the Daily Telegraph dated 15 June 2013. The words complained of were first published online the day before, and they remain accessible online today. The article refers to the murder of Drummer Lee Rigby on a street in Woolwich less than a month before, on 22 May.
The claim form was issued on 15 January 2014, which was after the Defamation Act 2013 came into force. The parties have not applied for trial by jury under the Senior Courts Act 1981 s.69(3) as amended, but have consented to an order that there be the trial of a preliminary issue in the action to determine the actual meaning of the words complained of. The order (as amended by agreement) is that the issue be
whether the words pleaded in paragraph 3 of the Particulars of Claim bear the meanings pleaded in paragraphs 4, 5(a) and (b) of the Particulars of Claim and if so, whether they are defamatory of the Claimant.
However, the court is not bound to determine that the words complained of either do, or do not, bear meanings attributed to them by one or other party. The court at a trial must determine the actual meaning, and that may include a meaning contended for by neither party, provided (amongst other things) that it is not more serious than the meaning contended for the by the Claimant. If the court decides that the words complained of are defamatory, it is good practice also to determine whether they are fact or are opinion (comment), and it may decide this question either before or after deciding whether or not the words are defamatory see British Chiropractic Association v Singh [2011] 1 WLR 133 at para [32]. In spite of the excessively narrow formulation of the consent order, the parties accept that the foregoing approach is the one I am entitled to adopt.
The Claimant runs an organisation called "Tell Mama". He has been awarded the honour of being an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, or OBE. This honour is awarded to people having a major local role in any activity, including people whose work has made them known nationally in their chosen area. In the Particulars of Claim he describes himself as
"… the Director of Faith Matters UK, an interfaith and anti-extremist organisation which seeks to enhance dialogue between Muslims and sectors of the community. 'Tell Mama' is a project set up by Faith Matters and the Claimant for measuring and monitoring all forms of anti-Muslim attacks…"
The Defendant is the publisher of the Daily Telegraph.
THE WORDS COMPLAINED OF
The words complained of are included in an article, which is the largest piece on page 22 of the hard copy edition, under the heading "We are too weak to face up to the extremism in our midst… Despite the Woolwich outrage, David Cameron has failed to act against Islamist terrorism". It reads as follows (with numbering added):
1) "It is less than a month since Drummer Lee Rigby was murdered in Woolwich, yet already the incident feels half-forgotten. In terms of the legal process, all is well. Two men have been charged. There will be a trial. No doubt justice will be done. But I have a sense that the horror felt at the crime is slipping away.
2) The media, notably the BBC, quickly changed the subject. After a day or two focusing on the crime itself, the reports switched to anxiety about the "Islamophobic backlash". According to Tell Mama, an organisation paid large sums by the Government to monitor anti-Muslim acts, "the horrendous events in Woolwich brought it [Islamophobia] to the fore". Tell Mama spoke of a "cycle of violence" against Muslims.
3) Yet the only serious violence was against a British soldier, who was dead. In The Sunday Telegraph, Andrew Gilligan brilliantly exposed the Tell Mama statistics – most of them referred merely to nasty remarks on the web rather than actual attacks, many were not verified, no reported attack had required medical attention, and so on. Yet the "backlash" argument has sailed on, with people shaking their heads gravely about the need to "reassure" Muslims. Tell Mama equates "hate inspired by al-Qaeda" with the "thuggery and hate of the EDL [the English Defence League]".
4) A trap is set here, inviting those of us who reject such statements, to defend the EDL. I do not. While not, in its stated ideology, a racist organisation like the BNP, the EDL has an air of menace. It must feel particularly unpleasant for Muslims when its supporters hit the streets. But the EDL is merely reactive. It does not – officially at least – support violence. It is the instinctive reaction of elements of an indigenous working class which rightly perceives itself marginalised by authority, whereas Muslim groups are subsidised and excused by it. Four days ago, six Muslim men were sentenced at the Old Bailey for a plot to blow up an EDL rally. The news was received quietly, though it was a horrifying enterprise. No one spoke of "white-phobia". Imagine the hugely greater coverage if the story had been the other way round.
5) All journalists experience this disparity. If we attack the EDL for being racist, fascist and pro-violence, we can do so with impunity, although we are not being strictly accurate. If we make similar remarks about Islamist organisations, we will be accused of being racist ourselves. "Human rights" will be thrown at us. We shall also – this has happened to me more than once – be subject to "lawfare", a blizzard of solicitors' letters claiming damages for usually imagined libels. Many powerful people in the Civil Service, local government, politics and the police, far from backing up our attacks on extremism, will tut-tut at our "provocative" comments.
6) Much more important – from the point of view of the general public – you frequently find that Muslim groups like Tell Mama get taxpayers' money (though, in its case, this is now coming to an end). You discover that leading figures of respectable officialdom share conference platforms with dubious groups. You learn that Muslim charities with blatantly political aims and Islamist links have been let off lightly by the Charity Commission. And you notice that many bigwigs in Muslim groups are decorated with public honours. Fiyaz Mughal, for example, who runs Tell Mama, has an OBE. Obviously it would be half-laughable, half-disgusting, if activists of the EDL were indulged in this way; yet they are, in fact, less extreme than some of those Muslims who are.
7) More than two years ago, David Cameron delivered an important speech in Munich when he emphasised that Islamist terrorism arises from the poisoning of young minds. He said that extremism does not have to be violent for it to be dangerous. If it stirs up hate and spreads lies, it rolls the pitch for violent action. He wanted the Government's counter-terrorism Prevent programme reviewed in this light.
8) The results were initially good. Grants were cut and people were denied access. But there was too little follow-through within government, Civil Service or police. Although consistently tough himself, Mr Cameron has not persuaded others to be the same. Seeking a sop for Lady Warsi, whom he wanted to demote from the Tory chairmanship, he made her the "minister for faith and communities" without thinking of its consequences for his Munich agenda. This strange job, which gave her a foothold in two government departments, has made her a spokesman on these issues. Yet Lady Warsi is very slow to condemn Muslim sectarianism and has appeared on the platform of FOSIS, the federation of Muslim students which has repeatedly given house room to extremism. Five subsequently convicted terrorists have held office in Muslim student societies in British universities, yet the university authorities usually disclaim any responsibility.
9) Malcolm Grant is the president of University College London, whose student Islamic society was run by the "Underpants Bomber", Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab. He resists the suggestion that he should prevent such extremism on his premises. Now, as well as UCL, Prof Grant manages to be chairman of NHS England. I predict a peerage very shortly, or at least a knighthood. I also predict that preachers of deadly hate will continue to operate easily in our universities under the banner of academic freedom. FOSIS encourages "community cohesion", according to a universities spokesman.
10) I come back to the killing of Lee Rigby. This act of blatant, total barbarism on an English street in broad daylight shocked every decent person, but not quite enough. Almost as shocking as the bestial cruelty was the brazenness. When you saw young men with blood-soaked arms standing there and talking about what they said they had done, you knew that they would be arrested. But that was not as much comfort as it should have been. You also sensed that they had little fear: they felt that they almost had permission to act as they had done from a society too weak to make such an act unthinkable. They were, unfortunately, right to think that way.
11) In Britain today, extremists intuit that organised society is at a disadvantage to them. They understand that what makes them feel strong – the power of obnoxious ideas – is exactly what the authorities do not want to investigate and attack.
12) It is...
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Miqdaad Versi v Mohamed Husain (Aka ED Husain)
...law because the defendant is advancing a criticism as to the effect of the claimant's views. The same point was raised in Mughal v Telegraph Media Group Limited [2014] EWHC 1371 (QB). Tugendhat J considered that the claimant's views were not violent views but were ones which tended neverth......