I Political Science : Method and Theory Science / Politique : Méthodes et Théories
| DOI | 10.1177/00208345090590020201 |
| Published date | 01 April 2009 |
| Date | 01 April 2009 |
| Subject Matter | Articles |
143
I
POLITICAL SCIENCE : M ETHOD AND THEO RY
SCIENCE POLITIQUE : M ÉTH ODES ET THÉORI ES
59.1466 ACHCAR, Gilbert — Religion and politics t oday from a
Marxian perspective. Socialist Register, 2008 : 55-76.
The evaluation of A. Malraux's statement that the 21st c. would be
"religious" is of gr eat interest today, despite its difficulty. What impact do
ever increasing material needs have on the need for relig ious spirituality?
From an authentic Marxian perspective, the persistent resilience of
religion, five cent uries after the scientific revolution, can be explained
and understood. A h istorical Marxian approach can allow an explanation
as to the various religious ideologies that have appeared throughout
history: in this context a com parative study of Christian theology of
liberation and Islamic fundamentalism is most enlightening. A Marxian
comparative sociology of religions is here proposed, the result of which
shows that the fight against Islamic fundamentalism must remain a
priority, contrary to the fight against Christian liberation theor y. [See
Abstr. 59.2817]
59.1467 ACKERMAN, Peter ; RODAL, Berel — The strategic
dimensions of civil resistance. Survival 50(3), June-July
2008 : 111-126.
The sequenced, sustained application of nonviolent operations has
engendered historical results: tyrants have c apitulated, governments
collapsed, occupying armies retreated and political sy stems that denied
human rights been delegitimized and dismantled. Th ose threatened by
such campaigns are prone to define a "regime-change" desired and
driven by outside parties as the object and prize. In fact, the object is
transformation in the way people themselves can determine how they
are governed. Individuals and institutions who care about democr acy and
freedom, peace and security need to work together to develop a set of
modern norms for how citizens and civil s ocieties may freely work
together across national boundaries and permit universal access to
knowledge and resources necessary to protect rights, especially when
denied or threatened by oppressive rule. [R]
59.1468 AGGER, Annika ; LÖFGREN, Karl — Democratic
assessment of collaborative planning processes.
Planning Theory 7(2), July 2008 : 145-164.
This ar ticle [asks] how we can assess the democratic effects of
collaborative plan ning processes. It presents a tentative evaluative
framework for assessing the different s tages (input, process and
outcome) of collaborative planning processes deriving criteria from
democratic theory, as well as from theories on collaborative planning,
which can be deployed for empirical studies. [R, abr.]
59.1469 ALEMÁN, José — Labor market deregulation and
industrial conflict in new demo cracies: a cross-national
analysis. Political Studies 56(4), Dec. 2008 : 830-856.
This article studies the e ffect of recent labor market reforms on industrial
relations in new democracies (1994-2003). The literatur e on labor politics
posits two channels through which labor-market deregulation may relate
to industria l conflict. Wage-deregulation may lower wage costs,
increasing industrial confl ict. Employment-deregulation, however, can
reduce the ability of workers to act c ollectively. Using methods uniquely
suited for panel data-analysis, the study reveals a number of important
findings. First, whereas labor quiescence went hand in hand with
relatively modest increases in earni ngs in a number of established
democracies, modest wage increases are generally linked with more
labor militancy in new democracies. Higher wage and employment
regulation minim ize wage reductions, lowering the incidence of strikes.
[R, abr.]
59.1470 ANCKAR, Carsten — Size, islandness, and democracy: a
global comparison. International Political Science Review
29(4), Sept. 2008 : 433-459. [Résumé en français]
This global study assesses the impact of physical variables (size and
islandness) on the degree of democracy. It is conducted at three points
in time: 1972, 1985, and 2005. The following variables are c ontrolled for:
socio-economic development, ethnic or linguistic heterogeneity, British or
American colonial heritage, an d dominant religion. The res ults show that
size per se contains little explanatory value. Religion is becoming a key
determinant of democracy during the "fourth wav e" of democratization.
Furthermore, the success of democracy in non-Christian setti ngs does
not depend on the l evel of socio-econom ic development . Instead, as
democracy tries to gain a foothold in non-Christia n settings, insularity
smoothes the transition to popular gov ernment. The impact of islandness
on democracy within this particular context is increasing over time. [R]
59.1471 ANDERSSON, Staff an — Studying t he risk of corruption
in the least corrupt countries. Public Integrity 10(3),
Summer 2008 : 193-214.
This article provides a conceptual framework for studies of areas of
politics and pub lic policy in which political corruption is most likely to
emerge (danger zones). The use of principal-agent theory in qualitative
case studies is recommended. This appro ach gives attention to context,
to the specifics of institutional design, and to individual choice as fou nd in
the "least corrupt" countries of the world. [R]
59.1472 ARANJO, Christophe — Le général et le particulier dans le
droit constitutio nnel moderne (General and particul ar
elements of modern constitutional law). Revue française
de Droit constitutionnel 74, Apr. 2008 : 239-261.
The problematic relationship between the individual and the state has
gone through three different stages in modern European states . (1) The
theory of sovereignty led to the creation of a s trong "police-state" in order
for the general interest to take precedent on particular interests. (2) The
legal state emerged from the theory of democracy, the citizen reclaiming
control of the definition process of the general interest. (3) The general
will was then subjected to a limitation through the definition of individual
rights in constitut ions. Throughout this ev olution, the individual was
successively defined as subject, citizen and human person.
59.1473 ARENA, Philip — Success breeds success? War
outcomes, domestic opposition, and elections. Conf lict
Management and Peace Sci ence 25(2), Summer 2008 : 136-
151.
War outcomes are unlikely to affect el ections if the major parties did not
disagree over the war. Leaders who enter into wars are more likely to be
punished for defeat or rewarded for victory if the opposition did not
support the government d uring the war. Employing original data on
legislative opposition during interstate wars, this paper examines all
elections since World War II in the US, the UK, Israel, an d India. The
results confirm that leaders are far more likely to be punished (rewarded)
for bad (good) outcomes if the opposition did not support the war. It is
only when considered in conjunction with the opposition's behavior that
the important link between war outcomes and elections is revealed. [R,
abr.] [See Abstr. 59.1569]
59.1474 ARZHEIMER, Kai — Something old, something new,
something borrowed, something true? A comm ent on M.
Lister's "Institutions, inequality and social norms:
explaining variations in participation". British Journal of
Politics and Internationa l Relations 10(4), Nov. 2008 : 681-
697.
M. Lister [ibid. 9(1), Feb. 2007: 20-35; Abstr. 57.3143] makes a useful
contribution to the discussion on aggregate variables that foster or
depress turnout by drawing attention to societal factors, but his analysis
is fr aught with methodological problems. While his article builds on an
interesting theoretical argument about the impact of institutions on
attitudes, his claims about causal relationships are not bac ked by data.
There is no rationale for the selection of countries, and most explanatory
variables are actually constant within countries. The specification of the
model is problematic in many ways. A careful re-analysis shows that the
t-values reported in Lister's article are far too large, wh ile the estimates
are unstable and dependent on the select ion of observations. Moreover,
the effects are trivial in terms of their political implications. [R, abr.]
59.1475 ASALA, Victor ; BROWN, Mitchell ; GIBSON FIGUEROA,
Renee — Structure, empow erment and the liberalization
of cross-national abortion rights. Politics and Gender 4(2),
June 2008 : 265-284.
Economic, cultural, and politica l opportunity structures have been
separately shown to facilitate and constrain a bortion rights. We examine
two central and related questions: (1) which factors explain liberalization
of different types of abortion laws? (2) which factor or set of factors is the
most important in explaining abortion laws? The cross-national literature
suggests a three-pronged explanation for the existence of abortion
rights, including politics, economics, and culture. We parse these out into
Political science : method and theory
144
the structural and empowerment c omponents of each, and posit a theory
of rights in which e mpowerment factors are at least as important, if not
more important, for ex plaining chan ge than structural factors. To test
this, we examine the impact of these components o n the liberalization of
abortion rights globally utilizing a distributed lag model. [R, abr.]
59.1476 AYDIN, Ays egul — Choosing sides: economic
interdependence and int erstate disputes. Journal of
Politics 70(4), Oct. 2008 : 1098-1108.
Recent work on economic interdependence and conflict has focused
largely on explaining whether trading states fight each other while
ignoring the possib ility that trade has broader political imp lications on
state behavior. I claim that states' trade interests affect their decisions to
assist their partners militarily i n armed conflicts and their choice of sides.
The empirical analysis offers evidence th at economics shapes the
expansion of conflicts to third-party states. When third parties have
important trade interests in a conflict participant, th ey join with their
partners to protect their economic s takes against the potential
externalities of armed confro ntations. Yet, in cases where an outside
state has interests in opposing sides of the conflict, it does not support
one trade partner against another and abstain from joining on either side.
[R]
59.1477 BAETA MINHOTO, Antonio Celso — Globalização e estado
no século XXI (Globalization and the state in the 21st c.).
Revista brasileira de Estudos polÍticos 95, Jan.-July 2007 :
185-240.
Globalization reveals itself as a social challenge, showing its
consequences in several fields. This text ex hibits the most important
globalization characteristics and relations with the state, and also the
kind of development that we can hope [for] in [the] future. [R]
59.1478 BALL, Stephen J. — New philanthropy, new netwo rks and
new governance in education. Political Studies 56(4) , Dec.
2008 : 747-765.
This article contributes to a body of theory and research with in political
science which is concerned with changes in the policy proces s and new
methods of governing s ociety; that is, with a shift from centralized and
bureaucratic government to governance in and by networks. This is
sometimes called the “Anglo-governance mo del” and the most prominent
and influential figure in the field is R.A.W. Rhodes . The article focuses on
one aspect within the field of education policy and argues that a new
form of "experimental" and "strategic" governance is being foster ed,
based upon network relations among new policy communities, [which]
bring new kinds of actors into the policy process, validate new policy
discourses and enable new forms of policy influence and enactment, and
in some respects disable or disenfranchise established actors and
agencies. [R, abr.]
59.1479 BAMSLEY, Ingrid ; BLEIKER, Roland — Self-determination:
from decolonization to deterritorialization. G lobal Change,
Peace and Security 20(2), June 2008 : 121-136.
The iss ue of self-determination remains linked to a deeply entrenched
concept of state sovereign ty which revolves around an artificial link
between nations, states and territorial integrity. Given that the
boundaries of identity and c ommunity are fluid an d constantly shifting,
this terr itorial model of sovereignty more often precipitates r ather than
accommodates claims to self-determination. We thus argue for the need
to deterritorialize self-determination, which would pl ace greater emphasis
on human rights and democratic participation. [R, abr.]
59.1480 BARBARA, Julien — Rethinkin g neo-liberal state building:
building post-conflict development states. Development in
Practice 18(3), 2008 : 307-318.
In attempting to rebuild post-conflict failed states, the international
community has drawn heavily on neo- liberal d evelopment paradigms.
However, neo-liberal state building has proved ineffectual in sti mulating
economic development in post-conflict states, thus undermining
prospects for state consolidation. This article offers the deve lopmental
state as an alternative model for international state-building, better suited
to overcoming the developmental challenges that face post-conflict
states. Drawing on the East Asian experience, developmental state-
building would seek to build state capacity to intervene in the economy to
guide development, c ompensating for the failure of growth led by the
private sector to materialize in many post-conflict states. [R, abr.]
59.1481 BARKLEY, Daniel — Ballistic missile proliferation: an
empirical investigation. Journal of Conflict Resolution 52(3),
June 2008 : 455-473.
This analysis examines ballistic missile proliferation in the context of
strategic interactions among neighbori ng states. When faced with
ballistic m issile threats, nations respond rationally and acquire ba llistic
missiles as a deterrent. Using a panel data set of 119 countries from
1967 to 1997, this study s hows that the probability of a country procuring
ballistic missiles increases nonlinearly as the number of bordering states
with ballistic missiles increases. Although international norms arisin g
from the Missile Technology Control Regime reduced the probability of
missile proliferation, these externalities did not offset a state's decision to
arm in response to ballistic missile arsenals in n eighboring states. [R,
abr.]
59.1482 BARONCELLI, Eugenia — Globalizzazione, violenza,
democratizzazione e sviluppo negli studi di IPE
[International Political Economy]: spunti di riflessione e
prospettive di rice rca (Globalization, violence,
democratization and development in IPE studies:
theoretical insights and new research p erspectives).
Rivista italiana di Scienza politica 38(2), Aug. 2008 : 275-298.
Based on recent IPE contributions on three key themes in in ternational
politics — the relation between trade-technology and interstate conflicts,
the link between multinationalization in produc tion and world stability,
and the political economy of democrac y-promotion in post-conflict
countries — this essay calls attention [to] the po tential that IP E studies
have for the analysis of complex processes (political and economic, with
domestic, international an d transnational reach) ac ross long time-spans.
Empirical research on these topics has prov ided new ground to test and
refine hypotheses from the three IPE orthodox schools (Realism-
Mercantilism, Liberalism and Marxism), pointing to the advantag es of
multivariate setups that treat both political and economic determinants of
international outcomes as endogenous. [R, abr.]
59.1483 BARROW, Clyde W. — The intellectual origins of New
Political Science. New Political Sci ence 30(2), June 2008 :
215-244.
In 1967, the burgeoning discontent of many political scientists c ulminated
in the establishment of th e Caucus for a New Political Science. The
Caucus included political sc ientists of many diverse viewpoints, but it
was united methodologically by a critique of behavioralism and by the
idea that political science sho uld abandon the myth of a v alue-free
science. This paper reviews the i ntellectual origins of New Political
Science by examining some of the ma jor works of the late 1960s and
early 1970s purporting to establish the foundations of a new political
science. New political science offers a methodological critique of
behavioralism and a sociological critique of the relations hip between
political science and political p ower, but there is no cons ensus on what
constitutes a new political science beyond its critical stance toward the
existing discipline. [R, abr.]
59.1484 BAUM, Matthew A. ; POTTER, Philip B. K. — The
relationships between mass media, public opin ion, and
foreign policy: toward a theoretical synthesis. Annual
Review of Political Science 11, 2008 : 39-65.
We first review the extensive gains in scholarly knowledge in the area of
public opinion and foreign policy over the past s everal decades,
emphasizing relatively recent work. We t hen suggest a framework,
based on the concept of market equilibrium, aimed at synthesizing th e
disparate research programs that constitute the literature on public
opinion and foreign policy. To do so, in addition to consid ering the
relationship between leaders and the publ ic, we incorporate a th ird
strategic actor, the mass media, which we believe play a critical role
alongside citizens an d elites in s haping the public's attitudes about, and
influence on, foreign pol icy. Our goal is to clarify the multifaceted
relationships between these actors and foreign policy outcomes. [R, abr.]
59.1485 BEARDSLEY, Kyle — Agreement without peace?
International mediation and tim e incon sistency
problems. American Journal of Political Science 52(4), Oct.
2008 : 723-740.
Mediation has competing short- and long-term effects. In the short run,
the actors are better able to identify and settle on a mutually satisfying
outcome. In the long run, mediation can create artificial incentives that,
as the mediator's influence wanes and the combatants' demands
change, leave the actors with an agreem ent less durable than one that
would have been achieved without mediation. This articl e tests the
observable implications from this logic using a set of international crises
from 1918 to 2001. The results reconcile findings in the previous
literature that inconsistently portray the effectiveness of mediation. [R]
59.1486 BEISHEIM, Marianne ; BRUNNENGRÄBER, Achim — Das
Parlament im Globalisierungsprozess. Ein Desiderat in
der Parlamentarismus- und Global Governance-
Forschung (Parliaments, globalization and global
governance. A desideratu m in research on parliaments
and global governance). Zeitschrift für internationale
Beziehungen 15(1), June 2008 : 73-100.
Literature on both parliamentarism and IR discusses the changing role of
parliamentary institutions in global governance. National parliaments are
deemed under pressure: the double impact of globalization and
internationalization impedes their traditional role of democr atic
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