I: Political Science: Method and Theory/Science Politique: Méthodes et Théories
| Date | 01 October 2012 |
| Published date | 01 October 2012 |
| DOI | 10.1177/002083451206200501 |
| Subject Matter | Abstracts |
559
I
POLITICAL SCIENCE : METHOD AND THEORY
SCIENCE POLITIQUE : MÉTHODES ET THÉORIES
62.5614 ABENSOUR, Miguel — Die rebellierende Demokratie
(Rebel democracy). Blätter für deutsche und int ernationale
Politik 57(5), 2012 : 90-98.
Since Hegel a nd Mar x, the relationship between the state and democ-
racy has been repeatedly critically examined. According to the theory of
the “ rebel democracy” , the state is in permanent c onflict situation with
democracy. A genuine de mocracy therefore requires rebell ion and a
politicization of civil soc iety. Instead of considerin g emancipation as a
social victory over politics, this kind of democracy leads to a polity
against the state.
62.5615 ACUFF, Jonathan M. — Spectacle an d space in the crea-
tion of premodern and modern polities: toward a mixed
ontology of collective identity. International Political Soci-
ology 6(2), June 2012 : 132-148.
Much recent work on cultur e and identity in IR has emphasized the
causal role of ideas and institutions. I articulate a broader socialization
process for collective identities via material elements of identity construc-
tion. I argue that combined with rituals and linked to myths and symbols,
material representations of culture such as monuments and architecture
form the collective memories of polities in a similar manner to the social-
izing effects of educational instituti ons and ve rnacular literature. I illus-
trate these claims with a comparison of materiality and praxis elements
of identi ty construction in imperial Rome and late-modern Austria-
Hungary, with concluding analysis of the role of material culture in the
future of "European" identity in the EU. [R]
62.5616 ADHIKARI, Prakash ; HANSEN, Wendy L. ; POWERS, Kathy
L. — The demand for reparations: grievance, risk, and
the pursuit of justice in civil war settlement. Journal of
Conflict Resolution 56(2), Apr. 2012 : 183-205.
In analyzing peac e proces ses in post-conflict societies, scholars have
primarily focused on the impact of prosecutions, truth-telling efforts, an d
reconciliation strategies, while overlooking the i mportance of individual
demands for repar ations. The authors argue that normative expl anations
of w hy reparations are granted in the aftermath of regime-change are
useful in understanding a need for r econciliation, but inadequa te for
explaining vic tim demands for compens ation. We ex tend this r esearch to
study civil war settlement. In the aftermath of civil war, when some form
of reparation is offered giving individuals the opportunity to seek redress
of grievances , what types of loss and political an d socio-economic
characteristics are likely to lead some individuals to apply for reparations
but not others? Using primary data, collecte d through a public op inion
survey in Nepal, we investigate individual-level dem and for reparations .
[R, abr.]
62.5617 ADUSEI-POKU, Nana ; SHOOMAN, Yasemin — Mehrdi-
mensionale Diskriminierung. Intersektionalität: "E.T.
nach Hause telefonieren"? (Multidimensional discrimina-
tion. Intersectionality: "E.T. calls home"?). Aus Politik und
Zeitgeschichte 62(16-17), 16 Apr. 2012 : 47-57.
Since the 1990s inter sectionality is a major f ield in ge nder studies,
aiming to describe the multiple identities of the individual to enable th e
analysis of the socio-economic dynamics it produces. This brings forward
multidimensional experiences of discrimination and indicates an argu-
mentative basis for discus sion of various influences. [See Abs tr.
62.5901]
62.5618 AHERN, Le e — The role of media system development in
the emergence of postmaterialist values and environ-
mental concern: a cross-national analysis. Social Scien ce
Quarterly 93(2), June 2012 : 538-557.
Important theories related to the social development of environmental
concern and attitudes ascribe different roles to the media. R. Inglehart's
materialist-postmaterialist value-shift thesis sees the development of a
more advance media system as promoting pro-environment al values. G.
Gerbner's cultivation theory, on the other hand, sees the media as
promoting consumerist ten dencies, which run counter to environmental
concern. This study examines the effect of media-system development
on postmaterialist values and environ mental concern at the national an d
individual levels. Controlling for other factors known to impact t he emer-
gence of env ironmental concern, the overall effect of media-system
development is largely negative. However, this result should be consid-
ered in light of interactions within and among other key variables. [R,
abr.]
62.5619 ALBERT, Mathias, et al. — World state futures. Coopera-
tion and Conflict 47(2), June 2012 : 145-156.
In contrast to the traditional discussions about th e desirability of a world
state, new and more explicitly geo-historical questions about worl d
political integration ar e being posed. Building on such diagnoses of
existing forms of world statehood, the question arises about whet her
there are possible and likely , or even inevitable, futures in which the
emergence of more “thick” forms of a world s tate, understood as a more
tightly and substantially i ntegrated expression of political community,
could ev olve. T his pos sibility raises further questions about the legit i-
macy, viability and sustainabi lity of such a state form. After a br ief over-
view of these issues, the Introduction provides a preview of the following
contributions of this special issue as well as the distinction between the
“global” and the “world” as one possible future research trajectory in th e
present context. [R, abr.] [Intr oduction to a t hematic issue of the same
title, edited by the authors. See als o Abstr. 62.5664, 5677, 5768, 5848,
5912, 6418]
62.5620 ALBIN, Cecilia ; DRUCKMAN, Daniel — Equality matters:
negotiating an end to civil wars. Journal of Conflict Resolu-
tion 56(2), Apr. 2012 : 155-182.
This article explores relationships between procedural justice (PJ) in the
negotiation process, distributive jus tice (DJ) in the ter ms of negotiated
agreements, and their durability in cases of c ivil war. Adherence to PJ
principles c orrelates strongly with agreeme nts based specifically on the
DJ principle of equality. Agreements are more durable when based on
equality, but not when based on other DJ principles. The equality princi-
ple accounted f or the relationship between PJ and durability irrespec tive
of di fferences betw een the parties in power. Further ex amination s ug-
gested that tw o types of equality in particular — equal treatment and
equal s hares — were associated with forward-looking agreemen ts and
high durability. Th e findings suggest that durability is served by including
equality in th e terms of agreements, and that PJ helps (but does not
guarantee) achieving such agr eements. [R]
62.5621 ALGER, Chadwick F. — Searching for democratic poten-
tial in merging global governance: what are the implica-
tions of regional and global involvements of local gov-
ernments? International Journal of Pe ace Studies 16(2),
Winter 2011 : 1-24.
Increasing i nvolvement of local governm ents in global gov ernance is a
result of changes in the missions of both global and local government
organizations. For many years there have been global and global regio n
organizations of local governments. Some local gover nment or ganiza-
tions that cross state borders focus on specific issues such as peace,
recycling and environment. Efforts are being made to coordinate these
organizations through a World Association of Cities and Local Authoritie s
Coordination (WACLAC). There is now a UN Advisory Committee on
Local Authorities. The First World Conference on City Diplomacy was
held in June 2008. This paper provides an over view of these, and other,
developments and ex amines their potential for future global governance.
[R, abr.]
62.5622 ALLMARK, Liam — More than rubber-stamps: the conse-
quences produced by legislatures in non-democratic
states beyond lat ent legitimation. Journal of Legislative
Studies 18(2), June 2012 : 1 84-202.
Despite various works suggesting the contrary, legislatures in non-
democratic states are overwhelmingly gener alized as “rubber-stamps”
that provide nothing other than latent legitimacy for those in power.
Based on examination of legislatures in ten of the world's most undemo-
cratic states this paper highlights their capacity to act in precisely the
opposite manner, serving to e mpower citizens, strengthen oppos ition
groups and weaken dictatorial regimes. While recognizing that legisla-
tures can be manipulated a nd subjugated by such r egimes, the article
highlights the variations betwe en legislatures and the need to take
account of their true potential. [R ]
62.5623 AMBLE, John Curtis — Combating terrorism in t he new
media environment. Studies in Con flict and Terr orism 35(5),
May 2012 : 339-353.
Political science : method and theory
560
Since the 1 990s, jihadist ter rorists have lev eraged the power of the
internet in more imaginative ways than state security services charged
with countering them. Terrorist groups are now harnessing the unique
characteristics of the new media environment that has taken shape in th e
past decade, while security services struggle to conceptualize th is rapidly
evolving v irtual landscape. But new media offer unique opportunities to
these services, particularly intell igence agenc ies, to c onfront the terrorist
threat. Identify ing and exploiting these opportunities, both strategic and
tactical, will lend c ritical advanta ge to governments in their worldwide
confrontation with global jihadists. [R]
62.5624 AMEGASHIE, J. At su ; RUNKEL, Marco — The paradox of
revenge in conflicts. Journal of Conflict Resolution 56(2),
Apr. 2012 : 313-330.
The authors consider a two-period game of conflict bet ween two factions,
which have a desire for revenge. In contrast to conventional wisdom, the
desire for revenge need not lead to escalation of the c onflict. The sub-
game-perfect equilibrium is characterized by two effects: a v alue of
revenge effect (i.e., the benefit of exacting revenge) and a self-
deterrence effect (i.e., the fe ar of an opponent's desire to exact revenge).
The authors construct examples where the equilibrium is such that the
self-deterrence effec t paradoxically outweighs the value effect and
thereby decreases the factions' aggregate effort below the level exerted
in the no-revenge case. This paradox of revenge is more likely, the more
elastically the benefit of revenge reacts to the destruction suffered in the
past and the more asymmetric is the conflict. [R, abr.]
62.5625 AMILHAT SZ ARY, Anne-Laure — Que montrent les murs ?
Des front ières contemporaines de plus en plus visibles
(What do walls show? The growing visibility of contem-
porary borders). Études intern ationales 43(1), March 2012 :
67-88.
Borders, conventional lines tracing t he limits of p olitical te rritories, work
increasingly as network de vices. There is a multiplication of material
artifacts in these spaces, whose meaning is complex. We seek to under-
stand both the closing up of border landscape by walls and the multipli-
cation of works on and around these symbolic lines. The USA/Mexico
landscape and "artscape" allows us to evidence the theoretica l "visual
turn" which this article explores. [R] [See Ab str. 62.6774]
62.5626 ANCELOVICI, Ma rcos — La standardisation et les
mécanismes du transfert transnational (Standardization
and the mechanisms of international transfer).
Gouvernement et Action publique, Jan.-March 2012 : 3 7-58.
[Résumé en français]
The study of the transnational transfer of practices and institutions
generally looks at the interm ediary and fina l stages of this process, with
much less attention dev oted to its initial steps. In contrast, this paper
theorizes the early part of the trajectory of transfer, conceptualized as the
process through which local i deas and practices are turned into a "stan-
dard model", what we call the process of standardization. Drawing upon
the public po licy and social movemen t literatures, w e identify three
potentially r obust mechanisms as central to the pr ocess of standardiza-
tion certification, decontextualization, and framing — and apply our
framework to two cases; the transnational spread of Truth and Recon-
ciliation Commissions (TRCs) and the increasing reliance on conditional
cash transfers (CCTs) as a social policy instrument. We find that the key
actors in shaping the cont ent of these standards were neit her the innova-
tors not the early adopters but intermediary entrepreneurs located at the
intersection of a complex mix of state and non-state networks. [R] [See
Abstr. 62.6098]
62.5627 ANDERSON, Christopher J. ; BERAMENDI, Pabl o — Left
parties, poor voters, and electoral participation in ad-
vanced industrial societies. Comparative Political Studies
45(6), June 2012 : 714-746.
We dev elop a formal model of the incentives for left parties to m obilize
lower-income vot ers. It posits that c ountries' incom e distributions an d
competition on the left provide different incentives for left parties to
mobilize lower-income voters. Competition on the left creates incentives
for a dominant left party to mobilize low er-income v oters, thus co unter-
acting the negative impact of inequality on parties' incentives to target
them. As a consequence, the negative association between inequal ity
and turnout at the aggregate level is muted by the presence of sev eral
parties on the left side of the political spectrum. Using aggregate data on
elections in OECD countries between 1980 and 2002 and election
surveys collected in the second wave of the Comparative Study of
Electoral Sy stems project, we find strong and consistent s upport for their
model. [R, abr.]
62.5628 ANDERSON, Christopher J. ; JUST, Aida — Partisan le-
gitimacy across generations. Electoral Studi es 31(2), June
2012 : 306-316.
We argue t hat part ies s hape the ir supp orters' views about the pol itical
system via the messages they communicate about the desirability of the
political system. Moreover, we contend that the effectiveness of such
communication varies considerably across generations. Combining data
from election surveys collected in 15 democr acies as part of the Com-
parative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) project with data on th e
policy positions of 116 pol itical parties collected by the Comparat ive
Manifestos Project, we fin d that suppor ters of parties that express posi-
tive positions toward the political system r eport systematically higher
levels of political legitimacy than supporter s of parties that communicate
negative views. Moreover, this commu nication is particularly effective
among older party identifier s whose partisan identification tends to be
more pronounced. [R, abr .] [See Abstr. 62.6282]
62.5629 ANDERSON, Lisa — Too much information? Political
science, the univers ity, and the public sphere. Perspec-
tives on Politics 10(2), June 2012 : 385-396.
This article argues that the technological structure of the modern world
has reshaped drastic ally the role of political s cientists as purveyors of
information. Only a few decades ago, scholars were still central to the
development, co llection and dissemination of knowledge. But the trans-
formation in the availability of data due to the proliferation of social media
and research engines creates a new environment in which scholars can
no longer cla im to be the erudite carriers of hard-to-get facts. In order to
play a constructive role in this quickly changing setting, p olitical scientists
need to invent a new identity for thems elves as active practitioners
engaged in a dynamic dialog ue with students and policy-makers. [R]
62.5630 ARENA, Phil ip ; WOLFORD, Scott — Arms, intelligence,
and war. International Studies Quarterly 56(2), June 2012 :
351-365.
How do states respond to uncer tainty over their opponents' military
strength? We analyze a model of crisis bargaining in which, prior to
negotiation, an uninformed state c hooses how to allocate scarce re-
sources across armaments and intelligence gathering. Arming improv es
military capabilities, while int elligence gather ing improves estimates of
the other state's military capabilities. Our model thus allows both the
distribution of pow er and the level of uncertainty in the crisis to be deter-
mined endogenously. We d erive some notable results. [R, abr.]
62.5631 ARIELY, Gal — Do those who identify with their nation
always dislike immigrant s? An examination of citizen-
ship policy effects. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 18(2),
Apr.-June 2012 : 242-261.
This article challenges the common wisdom that nation al identific ation
always leads to xenophobic attitudes toward immigrants. Analyzing
cross-national survey data from dozens of countries reveals how the
relations between national identification and xenophobic attitudes toward
immigrants vary according to country citizenship policy. The more inclu-
sive the citizenship regime, the weaker the relations are between na-
tional identification and xenophobia. In fact, in c ountries with ful l jus sol i
law there are, on av erage, negat ive relations between nationa l identifica-
tion and xenophobia while in other countries there are positive relations
between the two. These findings are used to discuss the ways c oncep-
tions of nationhood are institutionalized in citizenship policy fr om a socio-
psychological perspective. [R]
62.5632 AROOPALA, Christy — Mobili zing collective identity:
frames and rational individuals. Political Behavior 34(2),
June 2012 : 193-224.
Mobilization of collective identities is a common tool in election cam-
paigns and policy debates. Frames that target group identity can mobi-
lize gr oups; howev er it is uncle ar when these gr oup frames are likely to
be success ful. This project explores whether moderators, or factors that
limit fra ming effec ts, can help pred ict whether individuals will r espond to
group mobiliz ation attempts. Drawing on the rational choice approach, I
assess whether the presence of thresholds (i.e., ru les that determines
how far the group is from attaining its goal) works as a moderator of
framing effects. Using a voting game labor atory experiment, I analyze
the impact of group fr ames when distance from a fixed threshold var ies
and when we account for differe nces in group identity strength. [R, abr.]
62.5633 AUQUE, François — Écrire l'aveni r de l'Espace, le projet
d'Astrium (Writing the future of space: the Astrium pro-
ject). Géoéconomie 61, 2012 : 73-80. [Résumé en français]
This article is dealing w ith the major issues currently at the heart of
thinking and strategy of development within the activities of Astrium. It
shows that in 50 years, Space has become an area of excemmence,
thanks to the m en and women who compose i t. Indeed, Europe has a
competitive and innovative industry in the world, but as this market is
becoming increas ingly competitive, it will be neces sary to provide ways
and means to revitalize the industrial sectors and to make decisions. In
brief, the future of space is not y et written. [R] [See Abstr. 62.5847]
62.5634 AYOOB, Mohammed — Making sen se of glo bal tensions:
dominant and subaltern conceptions of order and justice
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