I Political Science : Method and Theory / Science Politique : Méthodes et Théories

DOI10.1177/00208345211023817
Published date01 June 2021
Date01 June 2021
327
I
POLITICAL SCIENCE : METHOD AND THEORY
SCIENCE POLITIQUE : MÉTHODES ET THÉORIES
71.3271 AGNÉ, Hans ; SOMMERER, Thomas ; ANGELER, David G.
Introducing the sounds of data to the study of politics:
a choir of global legitimacy crises. New Political Science
42(3), Sept. 2020 : 272-288.
This article introduces an innovative method to describe data with sounds
in political science. The method, known in ecology, physics, and musicol-
ogy as “sonification,” operates by linking sound signals to quantifiable ob-
servations. We us it to compose a choir of legitimacy crises in global gov-
ernance from 1994 to 2014, and to negotiate a familiar divide in research
on how legitimacy should be measured. Scholars predominantly prefer
one of two approaches to measure legitimacy quantitatively, either looking
at political trust or public contestation of political institutions. We illustrate
the usefulness of sonification to subsume both positions in this divide.
More generally, we argue that sonification can enhance public communi-
cation of scientific results and extract meanings from observations that go
unnoticed in visual and verbal representations. [R, abr.]
71.3272 AHLSTROM, David, et al. Managing technological, soci-
opolitical, and institutional change in the New Normal.
Journal of Management Studies 57(3), 2020 : 411-437.
A New Normal environment for business has emerged in the years after
the 2008 financial crisis based on numerous changes in the world's eco-
nomic, technological, demographic, and sociopolitical factors. This combi-
nation of changes has created a New Normal environment for firms with
major implications for managers, strategists, and entrepreneurs alike. It
has resulted in an environment with new challenges and opportunities that
are considerably different from what firms had to contend with in the years
previous. In this paper, we present the main changes that characterize the
current New Normal business environment and highlight some key impli-
cations for strategy and management. Then, we present the nine articles
in this special issue dealing with different dimensions of this new environ-
ment for firms. [R, abr.] [First article of a thematic issue on "Strategy, in-
novation, and new ventures in the New Normal global business land-
scape". See also Abstr. 71.3441]
71.3273 AKRAM, Sadiya ; PFLAEGER YOUNG, Zoe Early career
researchers’ experiences of post-maternity and parental
leave provision in UK politics and international studies de-
partments: a heads of department and early career re-
searcher survey. Political Studies Review 19(1), Feb. 2021 :
58-74.
Supporting increasing equality and diversity in the recruitment and reten-
tion of Early Career Researchers from the widest pool of talent available
is high on the agenda of universities and policy makers. Notwithstanding
this, the demanding nature of academic careers has a disproportionate
effect on Early Career Researchers, who may face indirect obstacles in
their career development particularly following a period of maternity or pa-
rental leave. Our research seeks to expose the nexus of challenges, from
job insecurity to the pressures of raising new families that Early Career
Researchers face during this critical juncture in their career trajectory. [R,
abr.] [See Abstr. 71.3460]
71.3274 ALCANTARA, Christopher ; LONGBOAT, Sheri ;
VANHOOREN, Shanaya Improving First Nations water
security through governance. Canadian Public Administra-
tion 63(2), June 2020 : 155-176.
Many First Nations communities lack access to safe drinking water. In this
article, we examine an under-appreciated tool for improving First Nations
water security governance and develop a framework for guiding the
design and analysis of First Nations water governance models. In particu-
lar, we argue that three key ideas from the public administration literature
financial resources, regulation, and formalization should be inte-
grated with Indigenous insights and philosophies that are specific to each
First Nations community. We illustrate how this might work by focusing on
the insights, traditions, and philosophies of an Anishinaabek community in
Southern Ontario. [R]
71.3275 ALFANO, Vincenzo ; MAFFETTONE, Pietro No country
for old (poor) men: fairness and public pensions. Political
Studies Review 19(1), Feb. 2021 : 137-147.
Public pensions are a ‘social technology’ at the heart of most welfare
states. The basic goal pursued by a public pension system is to make sure
that individuals do not outlive their savings. An increasing number of states
have recently moved to a system that matches individuals’ contributions
over their working lives to a specific stream of revenue during their retire-
ment years (i.e. defining contributions rather than benefits). As a result,
intragenerational fairness concerns have started to become more rele-
vant. In this article, we shall claim that, irrespective of how one conceptu-
alises the welfare state, most public pension systems violate actuarial fair-
ness and any plausible account of distributive justice, and that they do so
for structural reasons. Studying the Italian case, we offer insights on this
regressive redistributive effect, based on regional data, and offer an im-
plicit policy solution to obviate this problem. [R]
71.3276 ALTER, Karen J., et al. Gender and status in American
political science: who determines whether a scholar is
noteworthy? Perspectives on Politics 18(4), Dec. 2020 :
1048-1067.
We investigate gender disparities in status construction in American polit-
ical science, focusing on three questions: (1) Do institutions within the dis-
cipline of political science including departments, APSA, editorial
boards, and academic honor societies-reflect or remedy gender disparities
that exist in many forms of recognition, including appointments to top lead-
ership and citations? (2) Are institutions with centralized and accountable
appointment mechanisms less gender skewed compared to networked
and decentralized selection processes where implicit bias may go un-
checked? (3) Does leaning in help? Does the effort of women to publish
and to claim a seat at leadership tables increase the likelihood that higher-
level status positions will follow? [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 71.4207]
71.3277 ALTMAN, David Checking executive personalism: colle-
gial governments and the level of democracy. Swiss Politi-
cal Science Review 26(3), Sept. 2020 : 316-338.
The world is facing a tide of “cult-of-personality” governments that threaten
liberal democracy (e.g., Trump, Duterte, Bolsonaro, Orbán). Collegial ex-
ecutives are a long-established institutional alternative, predicated upon
disarming this very shortcoming in the practice of democracy. These are
regimes in which multiple people share power, limiting executive excess.
Historiographic accounts regard the collegial executive as inimical to res-
olute decision-making and responsible for democratic deterioration. De-
spite being used since antiquity, there is no empirical research on how
collegial executives influence democracy. This paper tests, for the first
time, whether collegial executives are substantially worse for democracy
than single-leader executives. The focus is on the only robust polyarchy
to have alternated twice between single-person and collegial-executive
governments: Uruguay. Using the Synthetic C ontrol Method, the paper
creates a fictional Uruguay to compare with the country’s real experience.
[R, abr.]
71.3278 ANGELL, Kim New territorial rights for sinking island
states. European Journal of Political Theory 20(1), Jan. 2021 :
95-115.
Anthropogenic climate change is an existential threat to the people of sink-
ing island states. When their territories inevitably disappear, what, if any-
thing, do the world's remaining territorial states owe them? According to a
prominent ‘nationalist’ approach to territorial rights which distributes
such rights according to the patterns of attachment resulting from people's
incorporation of particular territories into their ways of life the islanders
are merely entitled to immigrate, not to reestablish territorial sovereignty.
Even GHG-emitting collectives have no reparative duty to cede territory,
as the costs of upsetting their territorial attachments are unreasonable to
impose, even on wrongdoers. As long as they allow climate refugees to
immigrate, receiving countries have done their duty, or so the nationalist
argues. I demonstrate that the nationalist's alleged distributive equilibrium
is unstable. [R, abr.]
71.3279 ARMSTRONG, Chris ; CORBETT, Jack Climate change,
sea level rise, and maritime baselines: responding to the
plight of low-lying atoll states. Global Environmental Politics
21(1), Feb. 2021 : 89-107.
Predicted sea level rise caused by anthropogenic climate change threat-
ens to drastically alter coastlines around the world. In the case of low-lying
atoll states, it threatens to expunge them from the map. This potential sce-
nario has engendered considerable discussion concerning the fate of
Political science : method and theory
328
climate refugees. Relatively little attention, however, has been given to the
impact of sea level rise on existing maritime zones and how these zones,
and the resources they represent, might continue to benefit displaced
communities. This article builds on the small body of legal scholarship that
has taken this matter seriously, to provide a normative analysis, based on
principles of global justice, of the best ways of responding to the plight of
atoll states. [R, abr.]
71.3280 ARMSTRONG, Emma Katie Political ideology and re-
search: how neoliberalism can explain the paucity of qual-
itative criminological research. Alternatives 45(1), Feb.
2020 : 20-32.
Research has demonstrated that there is a paucity of qualitative crimino-
logical research published in journals. Neoliberal ideology reigns hege-
monic in the United Kingdom, promoting competition and quantifiable suc-
cess. With neoliberal narratives infiltrating the functioning of academia, re-
searchers are required to cater their methodological choices to suit metrics
and arbitrary university goals. Consequently, the pressure to publish fre-
quently and in prestigious journals can coerce academics into prioritizing
research quantity above quality. As qualitative methodologies often re-
quire more time to conduct and inherently convey a more complex ethical
process, researchers can favor the quicker, convenient methods to the
detriment of quality theoretical research. [R]
71.3281 AVANZA, Martina ; DECHÉZELLES, Stéphanie ; TRAÏNI,
Christophe, eds.Ethnographie politique et comparative
des émotions (Comparative and political ethnography of
emotions). Revue internationale de Politique comparée 25(3-
4), 2018 : 7-164.
Articles by Stéphanie DECHÉZELLES and Christophe TRAÏNI, Sahar
SAIEDNIA; Pauline DELAGE; Coline SALARIS; Cécile JOUHANNEAU;
Thomas BONNET.
71.3282 BACIU, Cornelia Collaborative security regimes post-
Brexit Estimating the potential for convergence based
on the overlap in national strategic documents. A compar-
ative study of EU27 + 1 and the US. Comparative Strategy
39(6), 2020 : 549-564.
Drawing on theories of international regimes and game-theoretical ap-
proaches, this article analyzes the level of overlap in national security
strategies, seeking to explore the potential of convergence in security and
defense cooperation in Europe post Brexit. It investigates two research
questions: 1. What is the potential for future security cooperation in the
Euro-Atlantic space post-Brexit? and 2. What areas are more prone to col-
laboration? The paper applies cluster analysis and a comparative design,
using national security strategies as units of study. It finds that there is
potential for future convergence between EU27 and the UK at the indus-
trial level, in internal security matters and EU missions. [R]
71.3283 BAKKER, Bert N. ; SCHUMACHER, Gijs ; ROODUIJN, Mat-
thijs Hot politics? Affective responses to political rhet-
oric. American Political Science Review 115(1), Feb. 2021 :
150-164.
We establish the circumplex model in political science as a theory of core
affect. In this theory unconscious emotional processes vary in level
(arousal, measured with skin conductance) and direction (valence, meas-
ured with facial electromyography). We theorize that knowledge, attitude
extremity, and (in)congruence with political rhetoric explain variation in af-
fective responses. In a large lab study (N = 397), participants watched
video clips with left-wing or right-wing rhetoric on prominent issues. We
find that people with extreme attitudes experience more arousal in re-
sponse to political rhetoric and that political rhetoric incongruent with prior
attitudes evokes negative affect. Moreover, we show that affective re-
sponses lead to opinion change, independent of self-reported emotions.
We conclude by setting a research agenda for the alignment between af-
fective and cognitive components of emotions and their consequences.
[R, abr.]
71.3284 BALL, Sarah ; HEAD, Brian W. Behavioural insights
teams in practice: nudge missions and methods on trial.
Policy and Politics 49(1), Jan. 2021 : 105-120.
Behavioural and experimental projects have become increasingly popular
with policymakers. Behavioural insights teams have used several policy
design and implementation tools drawn from behavioural sciences, espe-
cially randomised controlled trials, to test the design of ‘nudge’ interven-
tions. This approach has attained discursive legitimacy in government
agencies seeking to use the best available evidence for behaviourally in-
formed, evidence-based policy innovation. We examine the practices of
governmental behavioural insights teams in Australia, drawing on two re-
search projects that included interviews with key personnel. We find that
teams make strong commitments to using and promoting randomised con-
trolled trials in government policy innovation. Nevertheless, some
members of these teams are beginning to appreciate the constraints of
relying solely on randomised controlled trials in the development of behav-
ioural public policy. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 71.3347]
71.3285 BALLARD-ROSA, Cameron ; MOSLEY, Layna ; WELLHAU-
SEN, Rachel L. Contingent advantage? Sovereign bor-
rowing, democratic institutions and global capital cycles.
British Journal of Political Science 51(1), Jan. 2021 : 353-373.
How do domestic and global factors shape governments’ capacity to issue
debt in primary capital markets? Consistent with the ‘democratic ad-
vantage’, we identify domestic institutional mechanisms, including execu-
tive constraints and policy transparency, that facilitate debt issuance rather
than electoral events. Most importantly, we argue that the democratic ad-
vantage is contingent: investors’ attention to domestic politics varies with
conditions in global capital markets. When global financial liquidity is low,
investors are risk-averse, and political risk constrains governments’ ca-
pacity to borrow. But when global markets are flush, investors are risk-
tolerant and less sensitive to political risk. We support our argument with
new data on 245,000 government bond issues in primary capital markets
the point at which governments’ costs of market access matter most
for 131 sovereign issuers (1990-2016). [R, abr.]
71.3286 BANSAK, Kirk, et al. Beyond the breaking point? Survey
satisficing in conjoint experiments. Political Science Re-
search and Methods 9(1), Jan. 2021 : 53-71.
Recent years have seen a renaissance of conjoint survey designs within
social science. To date, however, researchers have lacked guidance on
how many attributes they can include within conjoint profiles before survey
satisficing leads to unacceptable declines in response quality. This paper
addresses that question using pre-registered, two-stage experiments ex-
amining choices among hypothetical candidates for US Senate or hotel
rooms. In each experiment, we use the first stage to identify attributes
which are perceived to be uncorrelated with the attribute of interest, so that
their effects are not masked by those of the core attributes. In the second
stage, we randomly assign respondents to conjoint designs with varying
numbers of those filler attributes. We report the results of these experi-
ments implemented via Amazon's Mechanical Turk and Survey Sampling
International. [R, abr.]
71.3287 BARA, Corinne Shifting targets: the effect of peacekeep-
ing on postwar violence. European Journal of International
Relations 26(4), Dec. 2020 : 979-1003.
Existing research shows that peace after civil wars is more stable with
peacekeepers present. Yet, violence persists in many postwar contexts,
and we know little about the impact of peacekeepers on such violence.
What we know, moreover, focuses on the former combatants, while this
study shows that the majority of deaths in postwar violence are inflicted by
other armed actors. I argue that the impact of peacekeepers on postwar
violence hinges on the extent to which they fill a public security gap after
war, since responsibility for violence not covered by a mission’s mandate
lies with the often dysfunctional security agencies of the state. To test this
I use a novel spatial approach to generate data that captures the manifold
manifestations of violence across different postwar contexts. [R, abr.]
71.3288 BARBERÁ, Pablo, et al. Automated text classification of
news articles: a practical guide. Political Analysis 29(1), Jan.
2021 : 19-42.
Automated text analysis methods have made possible the classification of
large corpora of text by measures such as topic and tone. Here, we pro-
vide a guide to help researchers navigate the consequential decisions they
need to make before any measure can be produced from the text. We
consider, both theoretically and empirically, the effects of such choices
using as a running example efforts to measure the tone of New York Times
coverage of the economy. We show that two reasonable approaches to
corpus selection yield radically different corpora and we advocate for the
use of keyword searches rather than predefined subject categories pro-
vided by news archives. We demonstrate the benefits of coding using ar-
ticle segments instead of sentences as units of analysis. We show that,
given a fixed number of codings, it is better to increase the number of
unique documents coded rather than the number of coders for each doc-
ument. [R, abr.]
71.3289 BARKOWSKI, Scott ; McLAUGHLIN, Joanne Song ; RAY,
Alex A reevaluation of the effects of state and ACA de-
pendent coverage mandates on health insurance cover-
age. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 39(3), Sum-
mer 2020 : 629-663.
We study state and federal health insurance coverage mandates for young
adults. Despite consistent findings that the Affordable Care Act's (ACA)
federal mandate was effective, research has disagreed on whether preex-
isting, state-level mandates were successful in increasing coverage. We
reconsider the issue with a new analytical perspective and newly available

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