Impact of Covid-19 on Energy Transition Policy in Emerging Countries: Case of Indonesia
| Author | |
| DOI | 10.3366/gels.2020.0017 |
| Published date | 01 August 2020 |
| Date | 01 August 2020 |
| Pages | 135-139 |
The end of the fossil fuel era is in progress. Global investment is flowing into clean infrastructure, the electrification of transport, and innovative new business models. The question is not if nations firmly liberate their economies from the legacy of a century of oil, gas and coal, but when.
The global energy sector is facing a transition from a high-carbon to a low-carbon economy. After the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP 21), 195 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) members, including Indonesia, have signed the Paris Agreement which has a long-term goal to limit the increase in global temperature below 2 degree Celsius above pre-industrial temperature. Implementing the Agreement will result in unprecedented changes in all aspects of society with environmental, social and economic impacts.
Indonesian economic development significantly has and is dependent on fossil fuels. It is notable, however, that the Indonesian National Energy Policy (NEP) has set the energy mix policy to reduce fossils-based energy and promote the use of new and renewable energy. NEP mandates a share of renewable energy of at least 23% by 2025 by reducing oil use by at least 25% by the end of 2025. The problem arises that only a small part of the renewable potential has been developed and exploited to-date.
In the World Bank's RISE (Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy) scorecard 2018, in which the Bank assessed the energy access, energy efficiency and renewable energy policies of 133 countries, Indonesia ranked 88 out of 133 countries, which is far below those of neighboring ASEAN Countries. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) argues that there are some barriers to the development of renewable energy in many countries. The main one is that the responsibility for the development of renewable energy policy is typically distributed across multiple stakeholders with diverse interests, and policy options are constrained by existing economic, institutional, and social factors.
The world was hit by a pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, a global health crisis with millions confirmed cases and thousands of deaths. Other than its direct impact on health, Covid-19 outbreak has significant consequences on global economies, energy use and CO2 emissions. Market and economic crises triggered by this outbreak have significantly disrupted the...
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