International Political Science Abstracts

DOI10.1177/0020834520948971
Published date01 August 2020
Date01 August 2020
Subject MatterAbstracts
479
I
POLITICAL SCIENCE : METHOD AND THEORY
SCIENCE POLITIQUE : MÉTHODES ET THÉORIES
70.4719 ADEMMER, Esther ; LANGBEIN, Julia ; BÖRZEL, Tanja A.
Varieties of limited access orders: the nexus between
politics and economics in hybrid regimes. Governance
33(1), Jan. 2020 : 191-208.
This article advances our understanding of differences in hybrid stability
by going beyond existing regime typologies that separate the study of
political institutions from the study of economic institutions. It combines
the work of D. North, J. Wallis, and B. Weingast (NWW [Violence and
Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded
Human History, Cambridge U. P., 2009]) on varieties of social orders
with the literature on political and economic regime typologies and
dynamics to understand hybrid regimes as Limited Access Orders
(LAOs) that differ in the way domina nt elites limit access to political and
economic resources. Based on a measurement of political and economic
access applied to seven post-Soviet states, the article identifies four
types of LAOs. Challenging NWW's claim, it shows that hybrid regimes
can combine different degrees of political and economic access to
sustain stability. [R, abr.]
70.4720 AGNÉ, Hans Why does global democracy not inspire
explanatory research? Removing conceptual obstacles
toward a new research agenda. Journal of International Po-
litical Theory 16(1), Feb. 2020 : 68-88.
To date, it is only the democratic practices within states that have been
analyzed in search for causal explanations of political outcomes, for
example, peace and human rights protection. This article explains why
the situation emerges in political science and then suggests a strategy to
overcome it. The lack of attention to global democracy, or democracy
beyond the state more generally, in explanatory theory is suggested to
depend on prevalent but unnecessary conceptual delimitations of de-
mocracy which contradict standard assumptions about international
politics. It is argued that the concept of rule by the largest group, while
protecting traditional virtues of democracy such as freedom and equality
of individual persons in politics, allows scholars to describe a wider range
of international practices than have been available for empirical research
based on the dominating conceptions of democracy in normative and
empirical literatures. [R, abr.]
70.4721 AKIMOTO, Daisuke International regulation of "lethal
autonomous weapons systems" (LAWS): paradigms of
policy debate in Japan. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding
7(2), Nov. 2019 : 311-332.
Civil society organizations have warned that if "lethal autonomous weap-
ons systems" (LAWS) are created, such weapons would cause serious
problems with regards to human rights. Although "fully autonomous"
weapons do not exist at this stage, several countries are thought to have
developed "semi-autonomous" weapons equipped with artificial intelli-
gence. LAWS related issues have been a part of international discus-
sions in the UN, and the Japanese government has actively participated
in these conferences. Japanese politicians have also discussed issues
related to LAWS in the National Diet since 2015. This article provides
multiple paradigms of Japan's policy toward LAWS from the perspectives
of international relations theory, and attempts to explore possible solu-
tions to the international regulation of LAWS in international law. [R]
70.4722 ALBERT, Mathias Von Ausbruchsversuchen. Folgen
und Schranken der Multiplizität (On attempts to escape:
consequences and limits of multiplicity). Zeitschrift für in-
ternationale Beziehungen 26(2), 2019 : 132-141.
This article deals with J. Rosenberg’s argument [See Abstr. 70.4925]. It
first deals with the issue of IR’s sta tus as a discipline, respectively the
accusation of a missing determination of a disciplinary core, with the
result of an alleged lack of an export of theory beyond IR’s boundaries.
The present contribution does not share some of its basic assumptions
about the characterization of disciplinarity in general, and some specific
disciplines in particular. A second step then turns exactly to the elabora-
tion of this common bond of multiplicity. Multiplicity indeed opens a
pathway for dealing with a range of questions improperly neglected in IR.
In a third step, this leads to a diagnosis that [suggests] an orientation
towards praxis rather than an appeal for unity. [R, abr.]
70.4723 ALLISON, Graham T. The clash of AI superpowers.
National Interest 165, Jan.-Fec. 2020 : 11-24.
Beijing is not just trying to master artificial intelligence it is succeeding.
AI will have as transformative an impact on commerce and national
security over the next two decades as semiconductors, computers and
the web have had over the past quarter century. [R]
70.4724 ANDERSON, Christopher J., et al. Messi, Ronaldo, and
the politics of celebrity elections: voting for the best
soccer player in the world. Perspectives on Politics 18(1),
March 2020 : 91-110.
It is widely assumed that celebrities are imbued with political capital and
the power to move opinion. To understand the sources of that capital in
the specific domain of sports celebrity, we investigate the popularity of
global soccer superstars. Specifically, we examine players’ success in
the Ballon d’Or the most high-profile contest to select the world’s best
player. Based on historical election results as well as an original survey
of soccer fans, we find that certain kinds of players are significantly more
likely to win the Ballon d’Or. Moreover, we detect an increasing concen-
tration of votes on these kinds of players over time, suggesting a clear
and growing hierarchy in the competition for soccer celebrity. [R, abr.]
[See Abstr. 70.4726]
70.4725 ANDERSON, Christopher J. ; GETMANSKY, Anna ;
HIRSCH-HOEFLER, Sivan Burden sharing: income, in-
equality and willingness to fight. British Journal of Political
Science 50(1), Jan. 2020 : 363-379.
What explains citizens’ willingness to fight for their country in times of
war? Using six waves of the World Values Survey, this study finds that
individual willingness to fight is negatively related with country-level
income inequality. When income inequality is high, the rich are less
willing to fight than the poor. When inequality is low, the poor and rich
differ little in their willingness to fight. This change in the willingness to
fight between low and high inequality countries is greater among the rich
than among the poor. This article explores several explanations for these
findings. The data are consistent with the argument that high inequality
makes it more attractive for the rich to buy themselves out of military
service. [R]
70.4726 ARCHER, Alfred, et al. Celebrity, democracy, and
epistemic power. Perspectives on Politics 18(1), March
2020 : 27-42.
While a number of theorists have criticized celebrity involvement in
politics, none so far have examined this issue using the tools of social
epistemology, the study of the effects of social interactions, practices,
and institutions on knowledge and belief acquisition. We draw on these
resources to investigate the issue of celebrity involvement in politics,
specifically as this involvement relates to democratic theory and its
implications for democratic practice. We argue that an important and
underexplored form of power, which we will call epistemic power, can
explain one important way in which celebrity involvement in politics is
problematic. This is because unchecked uses and unwarranted alloca-
tions of epistemic power, which celebrities tend to en joy, threaten the
legitimacy of existing democracies and raise important questions regard-
ing core commitments of deliberative, epistemic, and plebiscitary models
of democratic theory. [R, abr.] [First of a series of articles on " Celebrities
and politics". See also Abstr. 70.4724, 4754, 4917, 5153, 5185, 5500,
5541]
70.4727 BACH, Olaf Ein Ende der Geschichte? Entstehung,
Strukturveränderungen und die Temporalität der Global-
isierungssemantik seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg (An end to
the story? Emergence, structural changes and the tem-
porality of globalization semantics since the Second
World War). Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 68(1), Jan.
2020 : 128-154.
The term globalisation is in itself a historical phenomenon. Its history
points towards global (or imagined global) social contexts of its origin
and popularisation. The semantic structural changes of its use reflect the
political and economic contradictions and dynamics of the second half of
the 20th century. Finally, a form of temporality is immanent in the devel-
Political science : method and theory
480
opment of the term, which is not limited to a repeated acceleration of
historical time now on a global level. Rather, it indicates a specific ahis-
torical aspect of globalisation as an “unfinished fact”. [R]
70.4728 BADANO, Gabriele The principle of restraint: public
reason and the reform of public administration. Political
Studies 68(1), Feb. 2020 : 110-127.
Normative political theorists have been growing more and more aware of
the many difficult questions raised by the discretionary power inevitably
left to public administrators. This article advances a novel normative
principle, called ‘principle of restraint’, regulating reform of established
administrative agencies. I argue that the ability of public administrators to
exercise their power in accordance with the requirements of public
reason is protected by an attitude of restraint on the part of potential
reformers. To illustrate the importance of the principle of restraint, I
examine a case from British health policy, showing that a recent reform
of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence well exemplifies
the serious problems brought by any violation of that principle. [R, abr.]
70.4729 BAERG, Nicole ; LOWE, Will A textual Taylor rule:
estimating central bank preferences combining topic and
scaling methods. Political Science Research and Methods
8(1), Jan. 2020 : 106-122.
Scholars often use voting data to estimate central bankers’ policy prefer-
ences but consensus voting is commonplace. To get around this, we
combine topic-based text-analysis and scaling methods to generate
theoretically motivated comparative measures of central bank prefer-
ences on the US Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) leading up to
the financial crisis in a way that does not depend on voting behavior. We
apply these measures to a number of applications in the literature. For
example, we find that FOMC members that are Federal Reserve Bank
Presidents from districts experiencing higher unemployment are also
more likely to emphasize unemployment in their speech. We also confirm
that committee members on schedule to vote are more likely to express
consensus opinion than their off schedule voting counterparts. [R]
70.4730 BAILES, Jon Bridging the gap: cynical disavowal and
its rationalizations. Journal of Political Ideologies 25(1),
2020 : 94-112.
This article critically examines the concept of “cynicism” as a disavowal
of ideological attachment in advanced consumer capitalist societies. I
argue that, while this cynicism is a significant phenomenon today, in that
people often distance themselves from clear political affiliations and
belief systems, it is not necessarily socially dominant, as some theorists
maintain, and has the structure of an ideology. I identify three recurrent
features in existing theories of cynicism, such as those of Sloterdijk and
Žižek: that it is a widespread social condition; that it conforms to social
expectations despite awareness of their problems; and that its lack of
beliefs make it immune to ideology critique. I then question these as-
sumptions from the perspective that many people still consciously invest
in certain political and cultural values, and that, while cynicism does not
morally affirm social relations, it involves forms of belief. [R, abr.]
70.4731 BAILEY, Dan Re-thinking the fiscal and monetary
political economy of the green state. New Political Econo-
my 25(1), Jan. 2020 : 5-17.
Proponents of the Green State repudiate the historical antipathy to the
state from many in the green movement and endorse the pragmatic
usage of state capacity and legitimacy to realize environmental protec-
tion. This article offers a sym pathetic critique of the Green State’s fiscal
and monetary institutional design in order to refine the concept further. It
will investigate an under-theorized contradiction in the political economy
of the Green State; centering upon the operationalization of an interven-
tionist state, moving beyond economic growth, and deference to the
ceteris paribus conventions of state financing. It is argued that the three
cannot co-exist harmoniously, given the ramifications of moving beyond
growth for the fiscal capacity of the state. Therefore, there is a need to
go further than even Eckersley does in re-politicizing and challenging
capitalist conventions. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 70.4808]
70.4732 BAISSA, Daniel K. ; RAINEY, Carlisle When BLUE is not
best: non-normal errors and the linear model. Political
Science Research and Methods 8(1), Jan. 2020 : 136-148.
Researchers in political science often estimate linear models of continu-
ous outcomes using least squares. While it is well known that least-
squares estimates are sensitive to single, unusual data points, this
knowledge has not led to careful practices when using least -squares
estimators. Using statistical theory and Monte Carlo simulations, we
highlight the importance of using more robust estimators along with
variable transformations. We also discuss several approaches to detect,
summarize, and communicate the influence of particular data points. [R]
70.4733 BALLACCI, Giuseppe Representing judgment Judg-
ing representation: rhetoric, judgment and ethos in dem-
ocratic representation. Contemporary Political Theory
18(4), Dec. 2019 : 519-540.
The ‘constructivist turn’ in political representation literature has clarified
that representation is crucial in forgin g identities through the creation
of ideological and symbolic representations that mobilize and coalesce
otherwise scattered and undefined social forces and thus also why it
is essentially an inte rpretative and performative activity. In this article I
argue that, as a consequence of this emphasis on interpretation and
performativity, this approach makes clear why the ethos (or the personal
qualities) of representatives is important in representation. To prove this,
I employ some insights from rhetoric. Rhetorical persuasion and demo-
cratic representation, indeed, call for a similar kind of judgment, as they
both need to mediate between opposing exigencies: rhetoric between
attentiveness to the specificity of the audience and the creation of new
beliefs, and representation between being responsive to specific inter-
ests and giving them a new articulation. [R, abr.]
70.4734 BANDA, Kevin K. ; CARSEY, Thomas M. ; SEVERENCHUK,
Serge Evidence of conflict extension in partisans’
evaluations of people and inanimate objects. American
Politics Research 48(2), March 2020 : 275-285.
Prior research shows that partisan bias affects evaluations of people in
nonpolitical settings, but it is unclear to what extent this bias informs
evaluations of objects other than people in similar contexts. This is an
important limitation given the frequency with which brands, locations, and
products are associated with parties and political figures. We examine
whether partisan bias influences evaluations of inanimate objects in the
same way that it does evaluations of people. The results of four survey
experiments show that partisans evaluate objects linked to the opposing
party less favorably than otherwise identical nonpartisan objects. Moreo-
ver, the influence of partisan bias on evaluations of people is comparable
in magnitude to the influence of bias on evaluations of various inanimate
objects. [R, abr.]
70.4735 BARRY, John A genealogy of economic growth as
ideology and Cold War core state imperative. New Politi-
cal Economy 25(1), Jan. 2020 : 18-29.
This article critically examines and problematizes the “taken for granted”
status of economic growth within modern politics and political economy.
It views economic growth is an ideology and structural interest of the
capitalist state, one that serves the interests of a specific class or elite
rather than, beyond a threshold, the interests of a majority in society. The
article outlines some of the historical and institutional origins of economic
growth as a core state imperative. It focuses on the immediate post-
WW2 period, the Cold War, and the role of the OECD (and its predeces-
sor the OEEC) in systematically disseminating and promoting GDP
growth in Western European countries as a key part of the US led com-
petition of the “free capitalist world” against the Communist bloc. [R, abr.]
[See Abstr. 70.4808]
70.4736 BEACH, Derek Multi-method research in the social
sciences: a review of recent frameworks and a way for-
ward. Government and Opposition 55(1), Jan. 2020 : 163-
182.
This article reviews recent attempts to develop multi-method social
scientific frameworks. It discusses the ontological and epistemological
foundations underlying case studies and variance-based approaches,
differentiating approaches into bottom-up, case-based and top-down,
variance-based approaches. Case-based approaches aim to learn how a
causal process works within a case, whereas variance-based approach-
es assess mean causal effects across a set of cases. However, because
of the different fundamental assumptions, it is very difficult for in-depth
studies of individual cases to communicate meaningfully with claims
about mean causal effects across a large set of cases. The conclusions
discuss the broader challenges this distinction has for the study of
comparative politics more broadly. [R]
70.4737 BECK, Nathaniel Estimating grouped data models with
a binary-dependent variable and fixed effects via a logit
versus a linear probability model: the impact of dropped
units. Political Analysis 28(1), Jan. 2020 : 139-145.
This letter deals with a very simple question: if we have grouped data
with a binary-dependent variable and want to include fixed effects in the
specification, can we meaningfully compare results using a linear model
to those estimated with a logit? The reason to doubt such a comparison
is that the linea r specification appears to keep all observations, whereas
the logit drops the groups where the dependent variable is either all
zeros or all ones. This letter demonstrates that a linear specification
averages the estimates for all the homogeneous outcome groups (which,
by definition, all have slope coefficients of zero) with the slope coeffi-
Science politique : méthodes et théories
481
cients for the groups with a mix of zeros and ones. The correct compari-
son of the linear to logit form is to only look at groups with some variation
in the dependent variable. [R, abr.]
70.4738 BECK, Wolfgang Legal Tech und Künstliche Intelligenz
Ein Überblick zum aktuellen Stand (Legal Tech and Ar-
tificial Intelligence An overview of the current status).
Öffentliche Verwaltung 72(16), Aug. 2019 : 648-652.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and legal tech (LT) are buzzwords that not only
attract public attention, but have also become the subject of intense legal
debate. What both terms mean and how they differ from each other are
explained. AI is already widespread, but is only just beginning to estab-
lish itself in the legal field in the form of LT especially in legal advice.
While the algorithm-controlled systematic examination of legally relevant
texts is already practiced, the potential as an instrument of clever legisla-
tion seems to be in its infancy. The paper presents areas of application
and points out both existing and future areas of regulation. It becomes
clear that legislation can make targeted use of the possibilities offered by
information technology in order to bring public welfare concerns to bear
on the internet. [R, transl., abr.]
70.4739 BELL, Stephen The renewable energy transition energy
path divergence, increasing returns and mutually rein-
forcing leads in the state-market symbiosis. New Political
Economy 25(1), Jan. 2020 : 57-71.
This paper argues that mutually reinforcing relations between states and
processes of investment, innovation and technological change are
facilitating a global energy transition which is making a contribution to
global climate challenge mitigation. This process challenges an existing
theory of market-capitalism that argues such a change will be institution-
ally impeded, in part due to short-termist financial pressures on business.
The paper argues instead that a pattern of mutually-reinforcing leads
involving state and markets is underway, with markets and price changes
likely to reduce the costs of climate mitigation and hopefully help em-
bolden states and climate change policy. [R]
70.4740 BERGER, Andreas ; HILL, Daniel, Jr. Examining repres-
sive and oppressive state violence using the Ill-
Treatment and Torture data. Conflict Management and
Peace Science 36(6), Nov. 2019 : 626-644.
The literature on government violence focuses primarily on the repres-
sion of dissent. But not all state violence targets groups who oppose the
government. Much of it targets criminal suspects, immigrants, and other
marginalized groups who are not perceived to be challenging the gov-
ernment’s authority. The vast majority of findings concerning state
violence comes from analyses that do not distinguish between govern-
ment violence that targets acts of dissent and violence used for other
purposes, which we call oppressive violence. Because of this, we have
not yet established many empirical facts about the relationship between
domestic institutions and violence unrelated to the repression of dissent.
Though political institutions associated with democracy are known to
reduce the frequency of torture and other violent abuses, it is unclear
whether these effects are attributable to reductions in repressive vio-
lence, oppressive violence, or both. We argue that explanations for state
violence that focus on democracy are better suited to explain repressive
violence than oppressive violence. [R, abr.]
70.4741 BETTIZA, Gregorio, et al. Teaching religion and interna-
tional relations: disciplinary, pedagogical, an d personal
reflections. International Studies Perspectives 20(4), Nov.
2019 : 301-343.
The study of religion and international religions has witnessed an expo-
nential growth in recent decades. Courses and programs exploring the
complex entanglements between faith and global politics have likewise
mushroomed around the world. Despite this ferment, reflections on
teaching religion and international relations have so far lagged behind.
This forum seeks to remedy this general silence. It brings together a
diverse range of scholars from a multiplicity of national, religious, meth-
odological, and theoretical backgrounds who teach across a variety of
different geographical settings including North America, Europe, and
East Asia. [R, abr.]
70.4742 BETZ, Timm The electoral costs of policy commit-
ments. Political Science Research and Methods 8(1), Jan.
2020 : 30-44.
Existing arguments across political science posit that parties in govern-
ment use domestic and international institutions to lock in their own
policy preferences by tying the hands of successors. I demonstrate that
these arguments contrast with the assumption of office-seeking parties
and therefore portray an incomplete picture of the incentives of govern-
ments. The paper emphasizes the trade-off between implementing policy
preferences, on the one hand, and exploiting partisan differences for
electoral success, on the other hand: locking in a policy takes an issue
off the table, but it also undermines a party’s ability to leverage differ-
ences to the opposition in elections. I advance this argument in the
context of the establishment of independent central banks, provide
empirical evidence, and suggest implications for the literature on interna-
tional institutions. [R, abr.]
70.4743 BJÖRKDAHL, Annika ; KAPPLER, Stefanie The creation
of transnational memory spaces: professionalization and
commercialization. International Journal of Politics, Culture
and Society 32(3), Sept. 2019 : 383-401.
In the age of globalization, local memories of past violence are often
dislocated from their material places as remembrance is transpiring in
transnational memory spaces. Historical events and commemorative
memory practices increasingly transcend national boundaries and
change the way memories of historical violence, atrocity, and genocide
are represented in the transnational memoryscape. This article explores
how the professionalization and commercialization of museums and
memorials of genocide and crimes against humanity are modes of
“making the past present” and “the local global”. Furthermore, profes-
sionalization and commercialization are processes through which local
memories are translated into global discourses that are comprehensible
to and recognizable by a global audience. [R, abr.] [Part of a special
issue on “Locating transnational memory: how ‘unbound’ remembrance
is embedded in public spaces”, edited and introduced by Jenny
WÜSTENBERG, pp. 371-382]
70.4744 BLAGDEN, David Do democracies possess the wisdom
of crowds? Decision group size, regime type, and strate-
gic effectiveness. International Studies Quarterly 63(4),
Dec. 2019 : 1192-1195.
What is it about democracies if anything that enables them to avoid
war with each other while navigating conflictual international politics in
pursuit of their own interests? Recent research in International Studies
Quarterly by Brad L. LeVeck and Neil Narang [“Democratic peace and
the wisdom of crowds”, International Studies Quarterly 61(4), Dec. 2017:
867-880; Abstr. 68.1764] provides an elegant new answer to this
longstanding question. Drawing on “wisdom of crowds” logic the
insight that a large-enough group of inexpert judges is more likely to
average towards an accurate estimate of a continuous variable than a
smaller group, even when the smaller group contains relevant experts
supported by experimental evidence, they suggest that democracies’
strategic advantages lie in their large, diverse decision-making communi-
ties. If such crowd wis dom equips democracies to accurately assess
others’ capabilities and intentions, so the argument goes, then they
should be better than alternative regime types at maximizing their own
interests while still avoiding the bargaining failure that is resort to war. [R,
abr.]
70.4745 BLÜHDORN, Ingolfur The dialectic of democracy:
modernization, emancipation and the great regression.
Democratization 27(3), Apr. 2020 : 389-407.
In some of the most established and supposedly immutable liberal
democracies, diverse social groups are losing confidence not only in
established democratic institutions, but in the idea of liberal representa-
tive demo cracy itself. Meanwhile, an illiberal and anti-egalitarian trans-
formation of democracy evolves at an apparently unstoppable pace. This
democratic fatigue syndrome, the present article suggests, is qualitative-
ly different from the crises of democracy which have been debated for
some considerable time. Focusing on mature democracies underpinned
by the ideational tradition of European Enlightenment, the article theoriz-
es this syndrome and the striking transformation of democracy in terms
of a dialectic process in which the very norm that once gave birth to the
democratic project the modernist idea of the autonomous subject
metamorphoses into its gravedigger, or at least into the driver of its
radical reformulation. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 70.4746]
70.4746 BLÜHDORN, Ingolfur ; BUTZLAFF, Felix Democratiza-
tion beyond the post-democratic turn: towards a re-
search agenda on new conceptions of citizen participa-
tion. Democratization 27(3), Apr. 2020 : 369-388.
Improving citizen participation is widely regard ed as the hallmark of
democratization. Yet, a variety of actors are also increasingly ambivalent
about democratic institutions and the further expansion of participation.
Meanwhile, new forms of participation are gaining in significance
neoliberal activation, the responsibilization of consumers, digital data-
mining, managed behavior guided by choice architects which some
believe much improve representation, but which others perceive as a
threat to the citizens’ autonomy. This article introduces a special issue
focusing on the participation-democratization nexus in well-established
democracies in the economically affluent global North. Based on a
critical review of popular narratives of post-democracy and post-politics
we sketch the notion of the post-democratic turn which offers a new

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