IUS QUAESITUM TERTIO. Ed by Eltjo J H Schrage Berlin: Duncker and Humblot (www.duncker-humblot.de), Comparative Studies in Continental and Anglo-American Legal History, vol 26, 2009. 433 pp. ISBN 9783428127207. €88.

DOI10.3366/elr.2010.0015
Published date01 May 2010
AuthorPascal Pichonnaz
Pages337-339
Date01 May 2010

Contracts in favour of third parties or so-called “third party beneficiaries” is a wonderful subject to get to the heart of the meaning of contract and its evolution. Written under the supervision of the well-known Dutch scholar, Eltjo J H Schrage (Amsterdam), this book is unavoidable for anyone who is interested in transnational private law. Sixteen prominent authors from Civil Law, Common Law and mixed legal systems present the historical development and functioning of third party contracts in particular legal systems. Legal history and comparative law, hand in hand, is what European scholars and practitioners need in order to understand and have a critical view of the recent Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR, outline edition February 2009, art II – 9∶301 ff). As a matter of fact, this book is the third one in a series of publications composed by more or less the same working group under Schrage's editorship (all three with joint contributions on Scotland from Hector MacQueen and W David H Sellar). The others are Unjust Enrichment: The Comparative Legal History of the Law of Restitution (1995), and Negligence: The Comparative Legal History of the Law of Torts (2001). The topic of the present volume was, however, probably the most difficult to deal with, since there is a lack of thorough analysis of the subject in many legal systems. The gap is now filled in a splendid way.

Eltjo Schrage and David Ibbetson introduce the topic with a very useful co-authored chapter. From Roman law to the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act of 1999 in England, the authors follow and summarise some of the main results of the working group. They analyse common themes, which are then bound together at the end of their presentation (32 ff). The number of rather disparate situations covered by the topic of contracts in favour of third parties makes it difficult to consider common themes. From the Roman law principle nemo alteri stipulari potest and the strict rule of privity of contracts in English Law, to the recognition of a wide range of exceptions by the glossators, the difficulty of the subject has been often marked by too wide generalisations. In their introductory chapter, the authors manage to show that third-party rules cannot be truly understood without being fitted into the other rules of the law of contract. They consider that “the easier it is to make someone a party to a contract, the less need there is to recognise contracts for the benefit of third...

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