IV Political Process : Public Opinion, Attitudes, Parties, Forces, Groups and Elections / Vie Politique : Opinion Publique, Attitudes, Partis, Forces, Groupes et Élections

DOI10.1177/00208345211023820
Published date01 June 2021
Date01 June 2021
372
IV
POLITICAL PROCESS : PUBLIC OPINION,
ATTITUDES, PARTIES, FORCES, GROUPS AND ELECTIONS
VIE POLITIQUE : OPINION PUBLIQUE,
ATTITUDES, PARTIS, FORCES, GROUPES ET ÉLECTIONS
71.3685 ABDALLA, Nadine ; WOLFF, Jonas From driver of
change to marginalised actor: organised labour in post-
revolutionary Egypt from a comparative perspective.
Journal of North African Studies 25(6), Nov. 2020 : 918-938.
The paper analyses why Egypt’s labour movement, while having played
a significant role in the run-up to the 2011 revolution, has been increas-
ingly marginalised politically e ver since, failing to achieve either signifi-
cant labour-specific gains and/or broader objectives related to the overall
process of political transformation. It investigates Egypt’s movement of
independent trade unions, the most dynamic element within the country’s
labour movement, from a comparative perspective. Specifically, the
paper uses the experience of Brazil’s New Unionism in the 1980s as a
contrasting case, identifies the factors that have enabled and constrained
what is arguably the most successful exam ple of a New Unionist move-
ment in the Global South, and applies this explanatory framework in an
in-depth study on the trajectory of Egypt’s New Unionism since 2011. [R,
abr.] [See Abstr. 71.4237]
71.3686 ABDELNOUR, Sarah ; BERNARD, Sophie Devenir
syndicaliste malgré soi? La socialisation militante en
tension des chauffeurs de VTC mobilisés (Becoming a
unionist in spite of oneself? The strained activist sociali-
zation of mobilized vehicle-for-hire drivers). Politix 128,
2019 : 65-90.
The first protests of French vehicle-for-hire drivers took place in fall 2015.
Heading the action were the drivers who would in time become the true
leaders of the movement, organizing collective action and becoming
representatives in the eyes of public authorities. Based on the observa-
tion of the protests and interviews with the leaders of the movement, this
article highlights the tensions involved in the activist socialization of the
drivers, independent workers who are hostile toward unions, while being
representatives and sometimes even unionists themselves. Discussing
the literature on spokespeople during protests, this article reveals the
preexisting resources and learning processes that transformed inde-
pendent contractors into collective action leaders and representatives
during political negotiations. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 71.3691]
71.3687 ADAMS, James ; WESCHLE, Simon ; WLEZIEN, Christopher
Elite interactions and voters’ perceptions of parties’
policy positions. American Journal of Political Science
65(1), Jan. 2021 : 101-114.
Recent research documents that voters infer that governing coalition
partners share similar ideologies, independently of these parties’ actual
policy statements. We argue that citizens estimate party positions from
more general forms of interparty cooperation and conflict, particularly
near the times of national elections. We analyze tens of thousands of
media reports on elite interactions from 13 Western democracies be-
tween 2001 and 2014, and show that controlling for coalition ar-
rangements and for the policy tones of parties’ election manifestos
voters infer greater left-right agreement between pairs of parties that
have more cooperative public relationships, but that this “cooperation
effect” is only evident near the times of national elections. Our findings
have implications for parties’ policy images and for mass-elite linkages.
[R]
71.3688 ADAMS, Samuel ; AGOMOR, Kingsley Decentralization,
partisan politics, and national development in Ghana.
Public Organization Review 20(2), June 2020 : 351-366.
This study examines the relationship between decentralization reforms
and political parties from the perspective of citizens. It is based on a
national sample survey of 3018 citizens from 72 districts of Ghana. The
findings show that the majority of the respondents believe that the pro-
cess is already political, which is inconsistent with a party-free local
government system per the 1992 Constitution. Interesting, though, is the
fact that less than 20% would want to see a partisan local government
system. Majority of the respondents (70%) also indicated that the District
Chief Executives should be elected rather than appointed by the Presi-
dent. [R]
71.3689 ADAMS, Samuel ; ASANTE, William The judiciary and
post-election conflict resolution and democratic consoli-
dation in Ghana’s Fourth Republic. Journal of Contempo-
rary African Studies 38(2), Apr. 2020 : 243-256.
Post-election conflict-resolution is a very important aspect of the electoral
process deserving enormous attention. However, extant literature has
not accorded it the needed attention. It is as a result of this, that this
study investigates the nature of post-election conflict-resolution in Gha-
na’s Fourth Republic. The study, based on a qualitative case study
approach, found among others that, the Courts have been instrumental
in consolidating democracy in Ghana, and stakeholders are devotedly
operating within the legal framework governing elections, despite logisti-
cal, law enforcement and justice delivery challenges. T he study being
conscious of the progress made over the years concludes that, where
democratic institutions are consolidating, the use of unconventional
means to resolve conflicts is usually not an option. [R, abr.]
71.3690 ÁGH, Attila The emergence of the Europeanized party
systems in ECE: the turning point at the 2019 EP elec-
tions in Hungary. Journal of Comparative Politics 14(1), Jan.
2021 : 20-40.
The paper puts forward the hypothesis that the ECE parties until the
2019 EP elections were inward-looking or nationally oriented, but the
2019 EP elections indicates an important turning point in East- Central
Europe with the emergence of the Europeanized party system. Accord-
ingly, earlier at the EP elections the internal-national issues dominated,
and the European dimension of the elections was low, i.e. in the EU
context they were “second order elections”, while for the first time at the
2019 EP elections the EU issues mattered, and in some ways they
became central in the electoral fight. In my former papers I have argued
that the original ECE party systems collapsed around 2010 under the
pressure of the global financial crisis, and the first party system turned to
the second one in the early 2010s. Now I would argue that after this
turbulent decade the second party system also underwent a serious
change in 2019 that resulted in the emergence of the third ECE party
system. [R, abr.]
71.3691 AGRIKOLIANSKY, Éric ; ALDRIN, Philippe Faire avec la
politique. Novices, amateurs et intermittents en politique
(Dealing with politics. Novices, amateurs, and part-timers
in politics). Politix 128, 2019 : 9-29.
There are all kinds of situations in which ordinary citizens may find
themselves engaged in sustained interactions with politicians. This article
focuses on novices those citizens who become involved in advocacy
and mobilization activity without the support of a structured organization,
political skills, or any accumulated activist capital. Our sociological
approach has several advantages. It reminds us that political skill is
acquired through practice, reveals the tensions involved in advocacy
work, and enables us to identify, in a regulated set of relationships, some
of the specific characteristics of the political profession today. [R] [Intro-
duction to a thematic issue of the same title. See also Abstr. 71.3641,
3686, 3730, 3872, 4482]
71.3692 AHMADOV, Anar K. ; HUGHES, James Ideology and
civilian victimization in Northern Ireland’s civil war. Irish
Political Studies 35(4), 2020 : 531-565.
Why do some groups fighting in civil wars target civilians more than
others? We propose an explanation that challenges the current focus on
material and organizational factors and instead brings back and empha-
sizes the role of ideology. We argue that the ideological frameworks of
armed groups, whether state or non-state, condition their decisions about
targeting, in some cases setting normative constraints on action even if
such choice involves higher costs and risks. We examine these hypothe-
Vie politique : opinion publique, attitudes, partis, forces, groupes et élections
373
ses using a mixed-method approach that combines a statistical analysis
of a newly constructed disaggregated data set on all fatalities in Northern
Ireland’s conflict between 1969 and 2005 with a comparative historical
study of the interaction between key ideologies and the armed groups
that adopted them. [R]
71.3693 ALBADAWI, Sobhi Is the right of return still desirable
and sacred among Palestinian refugees? British Journal of
Politics and International Relations 23(1), Feb. 2021 : 43-59.
The right of return has been a fundamental claim by Palestinian people
since 1948. The ‘right’ refers to the political position or principle that all
generations of Palestinian refugees have the right to return to the proper-
ty they or their forebears left behind during the 1948 Palestinian exodus,
and following the 1967 Six-Day War. This study examines and updates
Palestinian refugees’ views of the right of return claim, adopting a quanti-
tative research design surveying 1200 participants from five refugee
camps located in Hebron and Bethlehem in the West Bank. The study
finds that even after 72 years of displacement, the right of return remains
an active but changing political construct among surveyed Palestinians
living in the West Bank. [R, abr.]
71.3694 ALESKEROV, Fuad Power distribution in the networks
of terrorist groups: 2001-2018. Group Decision and Negoti-
ation 29(3), June 2020 : 399-424.
Since 9/11 [2001], terrorism has become a global issue of the twenty-first
century. Terrorist organizations become important actors of world politics
as they gain influence on political process and decision-making. Some
organizations compete with each other in order to gain more power and
influence. We study the distribution of power among terrorist groups
using network approach and applying classic and new centrality indices
(Short-Range (SRIC) and Long-Range interactions indices (LRIC)).
These indices allow to identify terrorist groups with direct and indirect
influence on the terrorist network. [R]
71.3695 ALEXANDER, Amy C. ; BÅGENHOLM, Andreas ; CHAR-
RON, Nicholas Are women more likely to throw the
rascals out? The mobilizing effect of social service
spending on female voters. Public Choice 184(3-4), Sept.
2020 : 235-261.
This study focuses on gender differences in voter reactions to a corrup-
tion scandal in one’s preferred party. We analyze, in a framework of ‘exit,
voice and loyalty’, whether women differ from men in terms of turnout
(exit), and given that they vote, whether they prefer a clean alternative
party (voice) or whether they continue to vote for their preferred party
(loyalty) involved in a corruption scandal. We employ sequential logit
models using data from the European Quality of Government Index (EQI)
survey from 2017, which contains roughly 77,000 respondents from 21
EU countries and 185 regions. We find that women generally are less
tolerant of corruption, but that the effect is highly conditional. In areas
where social service spending is more widespread, we find that female
respondents are more likely to vote for an alternative party. Yet the odds
of exit increase among women when social service spending is lower. [R]
71.3696 ALGARA, Carlos ; HALE, Isaac Racial attitudes and
political cross-pressures in nationalized elections: the
case of the Republican coalition in the Trump era. Elec-
toral Studies 68, Dec. 2020 : 102207.
While scholars have found that Trump was able to capitalize on the racial
attitudes of white voters, it is less clear how these racial attitudes influ-
enced vote-choice across partisan and ideological cleavages in the
electorate. It is also unclear whether racial attitudes affected voting at the
congressional level or electoral outcomes at the aggregate level. Using a
novel measure of racial attitudes at the subnational level and survey
data, we make three clear findings: (1) Trump and Republican congres-
sional candidates benefited from conservative racial attitudes both at the
aggregate level and among white voters, (2) this electoral benefit for
Republicans persisted during the 2018 midterm elections, and (3) the
effect of attitudes on vote-choice did not significantly vary across partisan
and ideological cleavages in the white electorate. [R, abr.]
71.3697 ALONSO-MUÑOZ, Laura The "More is more" effect: a
comparative analysis of the political agenda and the
strategy on Twitter of the European populist parties. Eu-
ropean Politics and Society 21(5), Dec. 2020 : 505-519.
The populist phenomenon has grown during the last few decades in
many Western European democracies. In this context, previous literature
argues that populists take advantage of the use of social media such as
Twitter to introduce their own messages into society. The aim of this
research is to comprehend the political agenda posed by European
populist political parties on Twitter, as well as the strategy that they used
and the interaction from users that their tweets obtained. To do this the
messages shared by Podemos, Movimento 5 Stelle, Front National and
UKIP during three time periods on Twitter have been studied. A sum of
6,780 tweets has been analysed. [R, abr.]
71.3698 AMOAH, Michael Sleight is right: cyber control as a
new battleground for African elections. African Affairs 474,
Jan. 2020 : 68-89.
Sleight of hand in manipulating the computation of results has become
the new might for deciding who wins presidential elections. It appears
that whoever controls the computation exercises a right to take ad-
vantage and win, and whoever loses or relinquishes control of the com-
putation loses the election. As incumbents do not want to be identified
with direct interference or rigging, hacking has become an alternative
means. This raises a serious challenge for election management bodies
(EMBs) and a new frontier for international observation. As electronic
data management has becom e a key battleground, international observ-
ers cannot restrict their monitoring to the manual process alone. Howev-
er, individual states may have data sensitivity concerns about granting
electronic monitoring access to partisan international observers. [R, abr.]
71.3699 ANDI, Simge ; AYTAÇ, S. Erdem ; ÇARKOĞLU, Ali
Internet and social media use and political knowledge:
evidence from Turkey. Mediterranean Politics 25(5), Dec.
2020 : 579-599.
As the internet and social media have become popular sources of news
and information about politics, there has been a growing interest in
understanding how this trend affects political knowledge. We analyze the
effects of the internet and social media use on the Turkish electorate’s
political knowledge drawing on an original, nationally representative
survey fielded in 2015. We find that internet use is positively associated
with higher levels of political knowledge among the Turkish electorate,
even after controlling for several relevant factors. At the same time,
however, social media users are more likely to be misinformed and more
likely to be opinionated about politics than non-users. Overall, the effects
of the internet on political knowledge seem to be multi-faceted and
depend on which platforms people resort to getting their news. [R, abr.]
71.3700 ANDREWS-LEE, Caitlin The power of charisma: inves-
tigating the neglected citizen-politician linkage in Hugo
Chávez's Venezuela. Journal of Politics in Latin America
11(3), Dec. 2020 : 298-322.
Charisma has long been considered a powerful tool for leaders world-
wide to rise to greatness. Yet we have given less attention to the way in
which charismatic leaders develop deep, unmediated emotional bonds
with their followers. I propose a compact theory that explains how char-
ismatic attachments form, overwhelm alternative linkage types, and
facilitate the development of powerful and potentially enduring political
movements. To illustrate the theory, I turn to Hugo Chávez’s Bolivarian
movement in Venezuela. Firstly, the analysis of a 2007 survey from the
Latin American Public Opinion Project demonstrates the disproportionate
influence of charisma on citizens’ attachments to Bolivarianism relative to
competing factors. [R, abr.]
71.3701 ANGELUCCI, Davide ; DE SIO, Lorenzo ; PAPARO, Aldo
Europe matters … upon closer investigation: a novel ap-
proach for analysing individual-level determinants of
vote choice across first- and second-order elections, ap-
plied to 2019 Italy. Rivista italiana di Scienza politica 50(3),
Nov. 2020 : 334-349.
Are European Parliament (EP) elections still second-order? In this article,
we test the classical model at the individual level in contrast to an alter-
native ‘Europe matters’ model, by investigating the relative importance of
domestic vs. European Union (EU)-related issues among voter-level
determinants of aggregate second-order effects, that is, individual party
change. We do so by relying on an original, CAW I pre-electoral survey
featuring a distinctively large (30) number of both domestic and EU-
related, positional and valence issues, with issue attitudes measured
according to the innovative ICCP scheme (De Sio and Lachat 2020)
which includes issue positions, issue priorities and respondents' as-
sessment of party credibility on both positional and valence goals. Lev-
eraging the concept of ‘normal vote’, we estimate multivariate models of
electoral defections from normal voting separately for general and Euro-
pean elections, based on issue party credibility. [R, abr.] [See Abstr.
71.3860]
71.3702 ANGHEL, Veronica ; THÜRK, Maria Under the influence:
pay-offs to legislative support parties under minority
governments. Government and Opposition 56(1), Jan.
2021 : 121-140.
Previous studies show that in multiparty systems the formation of minori-
ty governments can be a rational choice. To ensure survival and policy
implementation, minority governments make concessions to non-cabinet
parties. We empirically analyse the pay-offs given to support parties
Political process : public opinion, attitudes, parties, forces, groups and elections
374
under minority governments. We argue that the content of support
agreements is conditioned by support party type. Results are based on a
two-stage empirical investigation: a text-analysis of 10 explicit support
arrangements for minority governments in Romania and a within-case
comparison of two Romanian minority cabinets with different support
arrangements. We employ an original data-set of support agreements
and elite interviews with former minority cabinet members. We empirical-
ly confirm that ethno-regional parties are mostly policy-seeking and
target benefits for their specific groups. In contrast, mainstream parties
make stronger claims for office distribution. [R, abr.]
71.3703 APPEL, Andrew W. ; DeMILLO, Richard A. ; STARK, Philip
B. Ballot-marking devices cannot ensure the will of the
voters. Election Law Journal 19(3), Sept. 2020 : 432-450.
The complexity of US elections usually requires computers to count
ballots but computers can be hacked, so election integrity requires a
voting system in which paper ballots can be recounted by hand. Howev-
er, paper ballots provide no assurance unless they accurately record the
votes as expressed by the voters. Voters can express their intent by
indelibly hand-marking ballots or using computers called ballot-marking
devices (BMDs). Voters can make mistakes in expressing their intent in
either technology, but only BMDs are also subject to hacking, bugs, and
misconfiguration of the software that prints the marked ballots. Most
voters do not review BMD-printed ballots, and those who do often fail to
notice when the printed vote is not what they expressed on the
touchscreen. [R, abr.]
71.3704 ARAUJO, Theo ; VAN DER MEER, Toni Gla News values
on social media: exploring what drives peaks in user ac-
tivity about organizations on Twitter. Journalism 21(5),
May 2020 : 633-651.
Since news circulation increasingly takes place online, the public has
gained the capacity to influence the salience of topics on the agenda,
especially when it comes to social media. Considering increased scrutiny
about organizations, this study aims to understand what causes height-
ened activity to organization-related topics among Twitter users. We
explore the extent to which news value theory, news coverage, and
influential actors can explain peaks in Twitter activity about organiza-
tions. Based on a dataset of 1.8 million tweets about 18 organizations,
the findings show that the news values social impact, geographical
closeness, facticity, as well as certain influential actors, can explain the
intensity of online activities. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 71.4036]
71.3705 ARIGA, Kenichi When do political parties benefit from
incumbents’ personal votes? Comparative analysis
across different electoral systems. Electoral Studies 68,
Dec. 2020 : 102221.
Do political parties benefit electorally from the personal votes cultivated
by their incumbent candidates? How do these benefits vary across
electoral systems? This paper offers the first systematic, comparative
analysis of parties' electoral gains from fielding incumbent candidates.
The paper provides a theoretical argument on how the parties' gains
from running incumbents vary across electoral systems and examines it
empirically using district-level election data in eleven established democ-
racies. The results suggest that the gains are largest in the multimember
district systems that allow voters to determine the intra-party rank of
candidates, but these gains decline as district magnitude grows. There
are also gains in the single-member district systems, but no gains, or
small gains if any, in the multimember district systems that don't allow
voters to determine the candidates' rank or allow it only partially. [R, abr.]
71.3706 ARIKAN, Gizem ; GÜNAY, Defne Public attitudes to-
wards climate change: a cross-country analysis. British
Journal of Politics and International Relations 23(1), Feb.
2021 : 158-174.
Addressing climate change requires international effort from both gov-
ernments and the public. Climate change concern is a crucial variable
influencing public support for measures to address climate change.
Combining country-level data with data from the Pew Research Center
Spring 2015 Global Attitudes Survey, we test whether perceived threats
from climate change influence climate change concern. We distinguish
between personal threat and planetary threat and we find that both
threats have substantive effects on climate change concern, with per-
sonal threat exerting a greater influence on climate change concern than
planetary threat. The effects of both types of threats are also moderated
by GDP per capita, such that threats have stronger effects on climate
change concern in high-income countries than in low-income countries.
[R, abr.]
71.3707 ARNDT, Christoph ; JENSEN, Carsten ; WENZELBURGER,
Georg Voters' wrath? Policy change and government
popularity. Governance 34(1), Jan. 2021 : 147-169.
Recent research suggests that voters are bad at responding in a mean-
ingful way to policy events when deciding for whom to vote. Voters rely
on so-called “blind retrospection”, punishing governments for events
outside politicians' control. However, another core aspect of the blind
retrospection perspective has not been put to the test: are voters unable
to respond to policy decisions that clearly are under the politicians'
control? We construct a unique large-N dataset on legislative changes in
German old age pensions and unemployment protection to see if cut-
backs and expansions lead to lower/higher support for the government.
Our data are exceptionally fine-grained and allow us to track the policy-
vote link for 416 months from 1977 to 2013 with a total of 329,167 re-
spondents. [R, abr.]
71.3708 ATTEWELL, David Deservingness perceptions, welfare
state support and vote choice in Western Europe. West
European Politics 44(3), 2020 : 611-634.
In today’s diversified party systems, the economic dimension is no longer
a unidimensional conflict between pro-redistribution voters of the left and
anti-redistribution voters of the right. Analyzing 2016 European Social
Survey data for 15 Western European countries, this article argues that
perceptions of the deservingness of benefit recipients and attitudes
towards the scope of the welfare state are distinct, powerful predictors of
vote choice. The effects of attitudes on these two subdimensions are
strong and congruent in predicting voting for older party families. Deserv-
ingness perceptions are an even more powerful predictor of voting for
green and radical right parties, while attitudes towards the scope of the
welfare state are not significant predictors of voting for either. Disaggre-
gating the economic left/right reveals that certain types of redistribution
attitudes predict vote choice even for parties known for their positions on
‘non-economic’ issues like immigration and European integration. [R]
71.3709 AVANZA, Martina Using a feminist paradigm (intersec-
tionality) to study conservative women: the case of pro-
life activists in Italy. Politics and Gender 16(2), June 2020 :
552-580.
This article builds on ethnographic research concerning the Italian pro-
life movement and argues for the use of intersectionality theory in study-
ing conservative women. The article suggests, first, that understanding
conservative movements necessitates linking their political claims to the
social identities of their activists, as would be the case for any other
social movement (e.g., feminism). These social identities are as complex
and intersectional as any other: a white, upper-class pro-life activist is no
less intersectional than a black feminist from a poor background. Con-
comitantly, there is no unique feminism, but rather a plurality of femi-
nisms, a diversity that intersectionality facilitates the identification of. The
same is true for pro-life movements, but scholars tend to use the singular
form to talk about conservatism; in this article, I explore the use of the
plural to show that pro-life women do not constitute a monolithic group.
[R, abr.]
71.3710 AXELBY, Richard The teacher, the activist, and the
Maulvi: emancipatory visions and insurgent citizenship
among Gujjars in Himachal Pradesh. Modern Asian Stud-
ies 54(3), May 2020 : 868-897.
Exploring the intersection of state, religion, and ethnicity, this article
considers the opportunities for individual and collective advancement
available to Muslim Gujjars in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.
Following the lives of three prominent members of the community a
teacher, a political activist, and a maulvi it considers their respective
orientations to the state and their relationships with their fellow Gujjars,
to illustrate the different ways in which Gujjars have sought to transcend
their marginal and subordinated position as an ethnic and religious
minority. With state-promoted schemes of affirmative action and reserva-
tion offering only limited opportunities for social and economic advance-
ment, we see how Gujjars have responded to their continued marginali-
zation, first through political mobilization as an ethnic group and, more
recently, through the establishment of Islamic educational institutions
and association with Tablighi Jama'at. [R, abr.]
71.3711 AYATOLLAHI TABAAR, Mohammad ; YILDIRIM, A. Kadir
Religious parties and ideological change: a comparison
of Iran and Turkey. Political Science Quarterly 135(4), Win-
ter 2020 : 697-723.
The authors examine ideological change within religious parties in Iran
and Turkey. They argue that these political parties actively and continu-
ously shift ideological discourse in response to their political context. [R]
71.3712 AYOOB, Mohammed The rise of Hindu nationalism in
historical perspective. India Review 19(4), 2020 : 414-425.
The article identifies three major variables responsible for Hindu national-
ism’s rise and success. First, British historiography that made the Hindu-
Muslim animosity the centerpiece for historical analysis in order to justify

To continue reading

Request your trial

VLEX uses login cookies to provide you with a better browsing experience. If you click on 'Accept' or continue browsing this site we consider that you accept our cookie policy. ACCEPT