Litigation
| Author | Julian Bailey |
| Pages | 2119-2304 |
2119
CHAPTER 26
LITIGATION
Introduction 2122
e court 2123
(i) Introduction 2123
(ii) England 2123
(iii) Australia 2128
(iv) Hong Kong 2129
(v) Singapore 2130
Pre-action conduct 2131
(i) England 2131
(ii) Australia 2134
(iii) Hong Kong 2134
(iv) Singapore 2134
Commencement of proceedings 2135
(i) Filing of proceedings 2135
(ii) Service of proceedings 2136
Multiple parties 2137
(i) Generally 2137
(ii) Procedural issues 2138
Limitation periods 2139
(i) Generally 2139
(ii) Contract 2142
(iii) Restitution 2144
(iv) Acknowledgment of debt 2145
(v) Negligence 2145
(vi) Nuisance 2146
(vii) Special limitation periods 2146
(viii) Modication of limitation period by agreement 2149
(ix) Burden of proof 2150
(x) Amendment to statement of case to add time-barred causes of action 2150
(xi) Eect of adding or substituting new parties to extant proceedings 2152
(xii) Protective actions 2153
(xiii) Estoppel and acquiescence 2153
Pleadings/statements of case 2154
(i) What is a pleading? 2154
(ii) Particulars 2157
(iii) Defence 2159
(iv) Reply 2160
(v) Counterclaim/cross-claim 2161
2120
(vi) Amendments 2161
(vii) Further information 2164
(viii) Scott Schedule 2165
Case management 2167
Production of documents 2169
(i) Disclosure/discovery 2169
(ii) Documents held by third parties 2173
(iii) Privilege 2173
(iv) Inspection/copying of documents 2181
Inspection of property 2182
Written witness and documentary evidence 2182
(i) Generally 2182
(ii) Witness evidence 2183
(iii) Documentary evidence 2185
Expert evidence 2187
(i) e nature of expert evidence 2187
(ii) e need for expert evidence 2189
(iii) Role of an expert witness 2192
(iv) Joint report 2196
(v) Single joint expert 2198
(vi) Inadmissible expert evidence 2200
(vii) Interrogation of expert evidence 2201
(viii) Immunity from suit 2202
Remedies 2202
Interim injunction 2203
(i) Introduction 2203
(ii) Considerations 2203
(iii) Costs 2206
Ex parte application 2206
Security for costs 2207
(i) Introduction 2207
(ii) Criteria for ordering security 2207
(iii) Amount of security 2211
(iv) Subsequent variation of order 2212
Strike out 2213
(i) Generally 2213
(ii) Want of prosecution 2215
(iii) “Unless” orders 2216
Summary judgment 2217
Default judgment 2220
Interim payment 2222
Freezing order 2224
Court reference 2225
(i) Introduction 2225
(ii) New South Wales 2226
(iii) Victoria 2232
LITIGATION
2121
(iv) Queensland 2233
(v) Western Australia 2234
(vi) South Australia 2235
(vii) Tasmania 2235
(viii) Australian Capital Territory 2236
(ix) Northern Territory 2236
(x) Federal Court 2236
(xi) Hong Kong 2237
(xii) Singapore 2237
e trial 2237
(i) Generally 2237
(ii) Preliminary issue 2238
(iii) Split trial 2240
(iv) Case management of trials 2241
(v) Natural justice 2242
(vi) Receipt of evidence 2243
(vii) Examination of witnesses 2244
(viii) Site view 2247
(ix) Photographs and video footage 2249
Proof 2249
(i) Burden of proof 2249
(ii) Standard of proof 2250
(iii) Deliberate failure to call evidence 2252
(iv) No case to answer 2253
(v) Rules of evidence 2253
Judgment 2254
(i) Generally 2254
(ii) Reasons for judgment 2254
(iii) Setting aside or varying a judgment 2255
(iv) Stay of execution of judgment 2257
(v) Enforcement of judgment 2258
Legal costs 2259
(i) Introduction 2259
(ii) Recoverable costs 2259
(iii) Basis of award 2262
(iv) Standard basis 2268
(v) Indemnity basis 2269
(vi) Multiple parties 2272
(vii) Agreement as to payment of costs 2274
(viii) Assessment of costs 2274
(ix) Costs orders against third parties 2276
(x) Costs budgeting/cost capping 2277
Settlement oers and agreements 2278
(i) Introduction 2278
(ii) Formal oers to settle 2278
(iii) Informal oer to settle 2282
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