Money laundering and terror financing: issues and challenges in Pakistan

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-11-2020-0126
Published date19 August 2021
Date19 August 2021
Pages181-194
AuthorMunir Ahmad Zia,Rana Zamin Abbas,Noman Arshed
Money laundering and terror
nancing: issues and
challenges in Pakistan
Munir Ahmad Zia
Dig Police Baluchistan, Pakistan
Rana Zamin Abbas
Department of Management, University of Management and Technology,
Lahore, Pakistan, and
Noman Arshed
Department of Economics and Statistics,
University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Abstract
Purpose Pakistan is facing the momentous hazardof money laundering and a substantial risk of terror
nancing, whichare seriously threatening its socioeconomic well-being.The purpose of this paper is to gauge
the challenges posed by thesethreats in contrast with the existing potential and expertiseof legal entities. It
also examines legal and proceduralmeasures enforced as a counter-strategy for terror nancing and money
launderingand the AMLA 2010 and National Action Plan (NAP) for countering terrorismnancing.
Design/methodology/approach This paper uses an analyticaland comparative method using gures
and comparative data on the success of the NAP and AMLA 2010 as national counterterrorism strategies.
Terror nancing and anti-money launderingregimes are confronted with grave legal and procedural odds,
noncooperation and performanceissues and conicts of interest on the part of the enforcers/politicians.This
paper highlightsthe issues that seriously jeopardize strategiesto stop money laundering and terror nancing,
such as geography, informalnancial transfers and exchange systems, un-regulated charities and real estate
sectors,the modest performance of enforcement agencies and lukewarm politicalsupport for the NAP.
Findings The situation requires the improvement of weak legislation and poor coordination and the adaptation
of technological advancements and novel counter-strategies, along with properly trained enforcement personnel.
Originality/value This paper will prove to be a valuable reference for exploringthe shortcomings and
insights. This will provide useful information for legal and nancial practitioners, academicians, research
scholars,policymakers and journalists.
Keywords Money laundering, Regulatory mechanism, Enforcement agencies, Terror nancing,
Hawala/Hundi, Suspicious transaction reports
Paper type Research paper
1. Introduction
The dread caused by the dangers of money laundering can be traced to the origin of
globalization (Alldrige, 2008).Magen (2018) echoed the ideas that quick growth in nancial
information, and technological and communication developments allow money to be
transferred globally with easeand speed. Money laundering and terror nancing are illegal
The authors acknowledge Dr Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and
Technology in providing opportunities and research facilities in developing this research project.
Money
laundering and
terror
nancing
181
Journalof Money Laundering
Control
Vol.25 No. 1, 2022
pp. 181-194
© Emerald Publishing Limited
1368-5201
DOI 10.1108/JMLC-11-2020-0126
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at:
https://www.emerald.com/insight/1368-5201.htm

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