Morten Broberg and Niels Fenger, PRELIMINARY REFERENCES TO THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. lxii + 486 pp. ISBN 9780199565078. £125.

DOI10.3366/elr.2011.0050
Pages334-335
Published date01 May 2011
Date01 May 2011

Before the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, “Article 234 EC” tripped off the tongue with its inherent suggestion of logic. This mechanism (now Article 267 TFEU) – whereby a national court or tribunal may send a reference to the Court of Justice on any question(s) of the interpretation or validity of EU law – is a central feature of the Treaty's “complete system of legal remedies and procedures” (e.g. Case C-50/00 P, para 40). The case law developed through it has contributed strongly to the evolution of EU law in substantive terms, often delivering results for national applicants that would not have been possible under domestic law; but it has also solidified legal relations within the EU legal order, enabling national lawyers and national courts and tribunals to access the Court of Justice at any stage of domestic proceedings and, through that process, weaving EU law more organically into national legal reasoning – in theory, at least.

The basic tenets of Article 267 are set out in the provision itself; any national court or tribunal may make a reference on either the interpretation or validity of EU law; only courts or tribunals “against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law” must send a reference; other courts and tribunals need do so only if they consider that “a decision on the question is necessary” to enable them to give judgment. But the deceptive simplicity of this structure belies the dense complexity of the procedure in practice, a complexity to which Broberg and Fenger's extraordinarily rich monograph brings clarity where possible and astute alertness to relevant uncertainties otherwise. This book achieves the elusive “something for everyone”: it is clear enough to recommend to and engage students; practical enough to be truly useful to lawyers, and judges; and yet it does not shy away from grappling with the more convoluted or conjectural questions for which neither we nor the Court itself yet has answers. The authors' scientific approach to uncovering their subject – case law tends first to be outlined in a sequential manner, but conclusions and broader implications are then brought together and discussed – is a strong feature of this wide appeal: the rules are as clear as they can be, but their hazier origins and uncertain edges are presented too, for those who want to know more.

The book's structure is, essentially, perfect. The opening chapters set the contextual scene, providing, first, an overview of the...

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