Optimization driven actor-critic neural network for sentiment analysis in social media

Pages457-476
Published date11 November 2019
Date11 November 2019
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-12-2018-0116
AuthorJayashree Jagdale,Emmanuel M.
Subject MatterInformation & knowledge management,Knowledge management,Knowledge management systems
Optimization driven actor-critic
neural network for sentiment
analysis in social media
Jayashree Jagdale
Pacic University, (PAHER), Udaipur, India, and
Emmanuel M.
Department of IT, Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune, India
Abstract
Purpose Sentiment analysis is the subeld of data mining, which is profusely used for studying the
opinions of the users by analyzing their suggestions on the Web platform. It plays an important role in
the daily decision-making process, and every decision has a great impact on daily life. Various
techniques including machine learning algorithms have been proposed for sentiment analysis, but still,
they are inefcient for extracting the sentiment features from the given text. Although the improvement
in sentiment analysis approaches, there are several problems, which make the analysis inefcient and
inaccurate. This paper aims to develop the sentiment analysis scheme on movie reviews by proposing a
novel classier.
Design/methodology/approach For the analysis, the movie reviews are collected and subjected
to pre-processing. From the pre-processed review, a total of nine sentiment related features are
extracted and provided to the proposed exponential-salp swarm algorithm based actor-critic neural
network (ESSA-ACNN) classier for the sentiment classication. The ESSA algorithm is developed
by integrating the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and SSA for selecting the
optimal weight of ACNN. Finally, the proposed classier classies the reviews into positive or
negative class.
Findings The performance of the ESSA-ACNN classieris analyzed by considering the reviews present
in the movie review database. From, the simulation results, it is evident that the proposed ESSA-ACNN
classier hasimproved performance than the existing works by having the performanceof 0.7417, 0.8807 and
0.8119, forsensitivity, specicity and accuracy, respectively.
Originality/value The proposed classier can be applicable for real-worldproblems, such as business,
politicalactivities and so on.
Keywords Sentiment analysis, Classication, ACNN classier, Salp swarm algorithm,
Movie review database
Paper type Research paper
1. Introduction
In the recent era, a number of specic tools have been developed for the sentiment analysis
of the reviews arriving in the online platform. The analysis can be done by evaluating the
opinion of the user-providedon the specied topic. The sentimentanalysis can be applied in
several elds, such as news forum, business organization, enterprise and online products
(Prabhat and Khullar, 2017). Opinion mining is related to the eld of natural language
processing (NLP).The opinion from the users may differ in language, andhence, NLP can be
considered as the NLP problem. Improving the opinion mining toward the NLP helps
the human-computer interaction.Sentiment analysis can be expressed as the task of nding
the user opinion by analyzing the review.The opinions posted by the user can have positive,
Sentiment
analysis in
social media
457
Received3 December 2018
Revised13 April 2019
Accepted25 April 2019
VINEJournal of Information and
KnowledgeManagement Systems
Vol.49 No. 4, 2019
pp. 457-476
© Emerald Publishing Limited
2059-5891
DOI 10.1108/VJIKMS-12-2018-0116
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at:
www.emeraldinsight.com/2059-5891.htm
negative or neutral polarity. Sentiment analysis is carried out in the following ways:
document level, sentence level and entity-aspect level. The document-level sentiment
analysis analyzes the entire document for arriving at the opinion class, and the sentence
level analyzes the specic sentence only for the analysis. In the entity level, the results
directly concentrate on the opinions (Liu, 2012). During the sentiment analysis through the
sentence level, it is necessary to understandthe opinions from the phrases and idioms of the
sentence. Sentences, such as interrogative and conditional may lack in opinion in several
cases. Besides, the presence of sarcasm in the sentence may provide the opposite opinion.
Hence, to overcome these challenges, innovative sentiment classiers need to be designed
(Vaghela and Jadav, 2016).
Developing the sentiment classication systems for sentiment analysis is an interesting
topic of research. Most of the researchers have contributed to the sentiment classication. The
sentiment classication scheme aims to categorize the hidden opinion in the review as a
positive and negative class. For performing the sentiment classication, the neural network
(NN) based techniques are considered to be more successful than other classiers. Sentiment
classication approach suffers from the domain dependency problem as the words
representing the sentiment may have a different meaning for a different domain (Yuan et al.,
2018). The initial stage in the sentimental analysis is extracting the sentimental related features
from the review using the feature extractor algorithms. The traditional machine learning
algorithms dened in the literature use the extracted feature vectors and perform the sentiment
classication. Sentiment classication estimates the opinions by analyzing the texts. Similarly,
for the sentiment classication using the documents, the features are extracted from the
documents and the opinions are classied. As the features extracted from the sentences are
large, it is necessary to select the required features through the feature selection (Shang et al.,
2016). Sentiment classication approach relays on the bag-of-words or bag-of-n-grams for the
feature extraction (Maas et al., 2011). These techniques omit the general grammar in the
sentence and view the text as the combination of the word (Nio and Murakami, 2018).
The classication algorithms dened for the sentiment analysis fall on three categories,
and they are enlistedas follows:
(1) machine learning-based algorithms;
(2) hybridization schemes; and
(3) lexicon-based techniques.
The machine learning-based schemes perform the sentiment classication by using the
trained and test databases. The lexicon-based schemes perform the classication using the
dictionaries; hence, training is not necessary. The hybrid approach uses both the lexicon-
based techniques and machine learning algorithms for the sentiment classication. For the
sentiment analysis, several tools, such as emoticons, SentiStrength, linguistic inquiry and
word count, SentiWordNet,happiness index, AFINN, SenticNet, positive andnegative affect
schedule-Twitter, Sentiment140, entropy weighted genetic algorithm, NRC and feature
relation network (FRN) (DAndrea et al.,2015) have been developed. Some of the commonly
used sentiment classiers are support vector machine (SVM) (Schölkopf and Smola, 2002)
and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT)(Friedman, 1999). These classiers classify the
reviews into positive or negative class. The classiers designed for the sentiment
classication have their strengthsor weaknesses. The SVM classier has poor performance
while the data are sparse, meanwhile, the GBDT suffers from overtting issue. As the
existing techniquessuffer from several issues, it is necessary to dene the new procedure for
the sentiment classication(Kai et al.,2017).
VJIKMS
49,4
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