Patch antenna design optimization using opposition based grey wolf optimizer and map-reduce framework
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1108/DTA-06-2019-0084 |
| Pages | 103-120 |
| Published date | 13 January 2020 |
| Date | 13 January 2020 |
| Author | Ramakrishna Guttula,Venkateswara Rao Nandanavanam |
| Subject Matter | Library & information science,Librarianship/library management,Library technology,Information behaviour & retrieval,Metadata,Information & knowledge management,Information & communications technology,Internet |
Patch antenna design
optimization using opposition
based grey wolf optimizer and
map-reduce framework
Ramakrishna Guttula
Aditya Engineering College, Peddapuram, India, and
Venkateswara Rao Nandanavanam
Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla, India
Abstract
Purpose –Microstrip patch antenna is generally used for several communication purposes particularly in the
military and civilian applications. Even though severaltechniqueshavebeenmadenumerousachievementsin
several fields, some systems require additional improvements to meet few challenges. Yet, they require application-
specific improvement for optimally designing microstrip patch antenna. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach –This paper intends to adopt an advanced meta-heuristic search
algorithm called as grey wolf optimization (GWO), which is said to be inspired by the hunting behaviour of
grey wolves, for the design of patch antenna parameters. The searching for the optimal design of the antenna
is paced up using the opposition-based solution search. Moreover, the proposed model derives a nonlinear
objective model to aid the design of the solution space of antenna parameters. After executing the simulation
model, this paper compares the performance of the proposed GWO-based microstrip patch antenna with
several conventional models.
Findings –The gain of the proposed model is 27.05 per cent better than WOAD, 2.07 per cent better than AAD,
15.80 per cent better than GAD, 17.49 per cent better than PSAD and 3.77 per cent better than GWAD model.
Thus, it has proved that the proposed antenna model has attained high gain, leads to cause superior performance.
Originality/value –This paper presents a technique for designing the microstrip patch antenna, using
the proposed GWO algorithm. This is the first work utilizes GWO-based optimization for microstrip
patch antenna.
Keywords Efficiency, Gain, GWO, Microstrip patch antenna, Radiation pattern,
Wireless local area network
Paper type Research paper
1. Introduction
The selection of optimal information from the big data is considered as a major task in the
fast-growing environment. This technique is adopted for numerous applications in limited
fields; however, it is ignored in the field of patch antenna design. The aim of this study is to
investigate the research done on IoT using big data as well as data mining methods to
identify subjects that must be emphasized more in current and future research paths
1.1 Microstrip patch antenna design perspective
Generally, the rectangular microstrip antennas are known as a patch antenna, where the
rectangular sheet is mounted on the ground plane. The networks like wireless local area
network (WLAN) and Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) mostly
depends on the array of microstrip patch antenna ( Jothi Chitra and Nagarajan, 2013).
For dual-band operation, W-slot loaded patch antenna can be used (Ansaria et al., 2012).
The effectiveness of the antenna design can be analysed by using a Galileo and WiMax Data Technologies and
Applications
Vol. 54 No. 1, 2020
pp. 103-120
© Emerald PublishingLimited
2514-9288
DOI 10.1108/DTA-06-2019-0084
Received 3 June 2019
Revised 21 August 2019
Accepted 29 August 2019
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at:
https://www.emerald.com/insight/2514-9288.htm
This paper forms part of a special section: “Knowledge and data mining for recent and advanced
applications using emerging technologies”.
103
Patch antenna
design
optimization
Three-Band Fractal-Eroded Patch Antenna (Azaro et al., 2007). Generally, a wireless MIMO
system makes use of multi-slot patch antenna with effective bandwidth and isolation
( Jagadeesh Babu et al., 2012). The patch antenna is generally a low-profile antenna with lots
of benefits than the other type of antennas. They are usually flat in their structure.
The patch antennas can be coupled with oscillators (Balasekaran et al., 2010). When the
patch antennas are used at the microwave frequencies, magnetodielectric composite is used
with ferrite inclusions as substrates (Borah and Bhattacharyya, 2012). In fact, it is possible
to enhance the gain of patch antenna through the usage of cylindrical electromagnetic
crystal substrate (Boutayeb and Denidni, 2007). In a circularly polarized patch antenna, as
the number of slots increases, the performance, input impedance and bandwidth will be also
increased (Chang and Lin, 2007). Moreover, the gain of antenna increases, if uses the thicker
substrate, yet it results to cause uncertain impacts such as excitation of surface wave, which
means it reduces the efficiency and distracts the radiation pattern.
Using the circular microstrip patch antennas, the wireless strain measurements can be
made (Daliri et al., 2012). A copper-based patch antenna is usually suitable for different
applications of wireless sensor systems (Feili et al., 2010). Patch antenna also desires to
generate direct influence of a slab, which is meta-material, on the radiation pattern
(Gozhenko et al., 2012). Even by making the ground plane large, the gain can be increased.
However, the diffraction occurs near the edges tends to reduce, when the size of the ground
plane increases. The increased dimension of the antenna provides a negative effect on
antenna’s gain. But, increasing the size of a ground plane has minimal effect on gain.
The usage of a cross-polarized patch antenna can suppress the H-plane cross-polarization
levels (Guo et al., 2007). Besides, the input matches of the antennas are enhanced at the
frequencies near to the antenna’s resonant frequency, when compared to the traditional
proximity-coupled patch antennas. Patch antennas with extensive impedance bandwidth
are highly suitable for multi-band mobile communication systems (Lau et al., 2005). In fact,
Dual-Polarized L-Probe antenna can be adaptable for the outdoor base station that
necessitates the functioning bandwidth of both GSM900 and CDMA800 mobile
communication systems (Lau and Luk, 2007).
Moreover, dual-layer stacked rectangular microstrip patch antennas are used for different
ultra-wideband applications (Matin et al., 2007). In future research, the bio-materials in the
network sensor systems are measured using carbon-nano-tube-based patch antennas
(Mohammadi et al., 2012). The gain of the microstrip patch antenna can also be enhanced
through the usage of a circularly periodic EBG framework (Park et al., 2010). The array of
clinical-based antennas also often uses the patch antenna model (Paulides et al., 2007).
Even more, the skin effects on patch antenna and the associated influence on the resonant
frequency, efficiency and optical transmission of the antenna can be determined by the
microstrip transmission line feed method (Rasheda and Sharsharb, 2013).
In the case of various applications, integration of microstrip patch antennas with
photovoltaics is used (Roo-Ons et al., 2010). Some advantages of patch antennas are low
profile, conformity to planar and so on (Yu-xing et al., 2011). In the case of satellite
applications, Dual-band X shape Microstrip Patch antennas can be used (Samsuzzaman
et al., 2013). Even when the wearable antennas are placed in the vicinity of the human body,
it can provide required impedance and radiation characteristics (Sankaralingam et al., 2013).
By using the non-reciprocal behaviour of ferrite substrate, the fitness functions for the
genetic algorithm (GA) can be developed (Saxena et al., 2011).
This paper contributes to the model of microstrip patch antenna using an improvement
in population-based algorithm called the GWO algorithm. It compares the performance in
terms of H-plane, E-plane, radiation patterns, gain, efficiency, directivity ad characteristic
impedance of the proposed model with several conventional models like WOAD, AAD,
GAD, FAD, PSAD and GWAD to certify the effectiveness of the proposed antenna model.
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DTA
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