Prototyping technology adoption among entrepreneurship and innovation libraries for rural health innovations
| Date | 21 June 2023 |
| Pages | 1760-1795 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-03-2023-0120 |
| Published date | 21 June 2023 |
| Subject Matter | Library & information science,Librarianship/library management,Library technology,Information behaviour & retrieval,Information user studies,Metadata,Information & knowledge management,Information & communications technology,Internet |
| Author | Varun Gupta,Chetna Gupta,Jakub Swacha,Luis Rubalcaba |
Prototyping technology adoption
among entrepreneurship and
innovation libraries for rural
health innovations
Varun Gupta
Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Alcala,
Alcal
a de Henares (Madrid), Spain;
Multidisciplinary Research Centre for Innovations in SMEs (MrciS),
GISMA University of Applied Sciences, Potsdam, Germany;
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada and
Instytut Zarzadzania, Uniwersytet Szczecinski, Szczecin, Poland
Chetna Gupta
Department of Computer Science Engineering,
Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
Jakub Swacha
Instytut Zarzadzania, Uniwersytet Szczecinski, Szczecin, Poland, and
Luis Rubalcaba
Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Alcala,
Alcal
a de Henares (Madrid), Spain
Abstract
Purpose –The purpose of this research study is to empirically investigate the Figma prototyping technology
adoption factors among entrepreneurship and innovation libraries for providing support to startups by
developing and evolving the prototype solutions in collaboration with health libraries.
Design/methodology/approach –This study uses the technology adoptionmodel (TAM) as a framework
and the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method of structural equation
modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3.2.9 software version to investigate the prototyping adoption factors
among entrepreneurship and innovation libraries for rural health innovations. A total of 40 libraries, spread
over 16 entrepreneur ship and innovation libraries, pa rticipated in this survey, includi ng participants from
Europe (35%), Asia (15%) and USA (50%).
Findings –The findings show that previous experience, social impact, brand image and system quality have a
significant positive impact on entrepreneurship and innovation libraries’perceived usefulness (PU) of
prototyping technology. Perceived ease of use of prototype technology is positively influenced by usability,
training materials and documentation, experience and self-efficacy. Together, perceived usefulness and
perceived ease of use have a significant influence on behavioural intention. Behavioural intention is positively
impacted by minimal investment and shallow learning curve. Technology adoption is furthered by behavioural
intention.The controlvariables, for instance location, gender and work experience (as librarian), were found not
having any impact on Figma technology adoption.
Research limitations/implications –Through strategic partnerships with other libraries (including health
libraries), policymakers, and technology providers, the adoption of prototype technology can be further
accelerated. The important ramifications for policymakers, technology providers, public and entrepreneurship
and innovation libraries to create a self-reliant innovation ecosystem to foster rural health innovation based on
entrepreneurship are also listed in the article.
Originality/value –This research is distinctive since it integrates several areas of study, including entre,
advances in rural healthcare and libraries. A novel idea that hasn’t been thoroughly investigated is the
collaboration between entrepreneurship and innovation libraries and health libraries for supporting
businesses. This study offers insights into the factors that drive technology adoption and offers practical
LHT
42,6
1760
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at:
https://www.emerald.com/insight/0737-8831.htm
Received 29 March 2023
Revised 15 May 2023
Accepted 22 May 2023
Library Hi Tech
Vol. 42 No. 6, 2024
pp. 1760-1795
© Emerald Publishing Limited
0737-8831
DOI 10.1108/LHT-03-2023-0120
advice for policymakers and technology providers. It also advances understanding of the adoption of Figma
prototyping technology among libraries for rural health innovation. Overall, this study provides a novel
viewpoint on the nexus between different disciplines, showing the opportunity forcooperation and innovation
in favour of rural health.
Keywords Health libraries, Entrepreneurship and innovation libraries, Health innovations,
Rural health innovations, Business model innovations, Value proposition innovations, Small businesses,
Startups, Entrepreneurship, Prototyping technology, Technology adoption
Paper type Research paper
1. Background
The health sector is a steadily expanding industry with a growing market. The pandemic
caused changes in thehealthcare sector, but it also led to innovations,like the development of
Covid-19 vaccinations, the digitizationof healthcare delivery, the development of new medical
technologies,etc. Technologies, such asthe use of telemedicine, remote patientmonitoring and
automated or asynchronous solutions, had a significant effect on minimizing the pandemic’s
effects (Young, 2022). Additionally, due to the epidemic, health institutions must digitally
change their services. For instance, providing patients withmedical treatments online, giving
them virtual access to medical information, etc (Charbonneaua and Vardell,2022).
Policymakers, entrepreneurs, medical experts, academics and researchers all turned their
attention to the pandemic and now view the health industry as a prime opportunity for
innovation. This was demonstrated by rising health sector budget expenditures as a
percentage of national gross domestic product and rising investment in healthcare (Young,
2022). The pandemic’s impact on digital changes led to a rise in technology usage among
consumers and medicalcare providers. As a result, the health industry now reliesheavily on
technology like artificial intelligence (AI), 5G, Big data and cloud computing to address its
problems (Young, 2022).
Despite the increased focus on the health sector, efforts must be made to reduce gaps
between rural and urban areas. The disparities are a result of the resource shortages that
rural areas have, including a lack of doctors, beds and medical supplies (Kumar et al., 2020).
The rural health sector also has limited opportunities and capacities to contribute to health
improvements, such as challenges in forming partnerships with local, national and
international health agencies, as well as funding issues (Lenstra and Roberts, 2022).
Rural health libraries that can help with innovation in this area face these challenges.
Therefore, to close the gaps between rural and urban health, research efforts must initially
focus on rural health improvements. Furthermore, any effort made to advance rural health
will also help to innovate urban health.
In literature, health libraries—public libraries and university libraries with a focus on the
health field—have been cited as important proponents of health innovations. As a source of
reliable and well-organized health information, as a source of resources relevant to health,
such as periodicals and patent access and as a source of synthesized health pieces of evidence
compiled through systematic reviews, their function in the health domain had been to provide
these services (Kwon and Kim, 2009;Becker et al., 2010;Oh and Noh, 2013;Horrigan, 2016;
Phipps, 2019;Pelczar et al., 2021;Charbonneau and Vardell, 2022). They collaborate with
other national and international health organizations, which promotes increased knowledge
sharing and innovation (Kinengyere, 2019).
University libraries were deemed an essential part of the innovation environment for
companies with limited resources (Gupta and Rubalcaba, 2021;Gupta et al., 2022a,b,c,Gupta,
2022). Contrary to health libraries, these libraries as studied by the authors of this paper were
owned by the universities with no special focus on the medicine domain (Gupta and
Rubalcaba, 2021;Gupta et al., 2022a,b,c,Gupta, 2022). In other words, they were focused on
offering traditional services to students and faculty as well as resources for businesses for
Innovation
libraries
1761
their market success. These libraries lack health domain expertise, but they provide great
support for assisting in promoting entrepreneurship both locally and internationally.
Supporting small enterprises is a third objective of public libraries as well. However, health
libraries lack entrepreneurial culture (Dhainaut et al., 2020) and are likely to have limited
capabilities to support entrepreneurs. In the following article, we refer to public libraries and
university libraries that encourage entrepreneurship initiatives in an economy as
Entrepreneurship and Innovation library. Here, the term “Entrepreneurship and
Innovation Library”is created to distinguish it from “entrepreneurial libraries,”which are
defined as libraries with an entrepreneurial culture to innovate their services and not focused
on offering support to entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneurship and innovation libraries aid businesses in the development of their
business models by conducting market research for them and providing them with vital
information on both domestic and international markets. In the USA, their support for small
businesses throughout the pandemic had been quite clear. Due to the pandemic, these
libraries had to undergo a digital transformation, which expanded the use of technology, such
as social networking sites (Nadi-Ravandi and Batooli, 2022). The health libraries have a
wealth of health knowledge but lack the competence to support entrepreneurs (inside the
institutions or outside parties). On the other side, entrepreneurship and innovation libraries
are becoming more adept at assisting startups. Together, these libraries can reinvent the
health industry.
Although startups, especially in rural regions, have a positive impact on health advances,
their failure rates are higher (almost 98%) and there is minimal startup research on topics like
entrepreneurship, business frameworks and regulation (Chakraborty et al., 2021).
Startups should commercialize their ideas that address the genuine needs of the health
market if they want to flourish in the sector and aid in the development of the country.
They should research customers’actual demands and familiarize themselves with
the medical industry to make this happen. However, in practice, entrepreneurs are
ignorant of the challenges that the health systems face (Dhainaut et al., 2020). To put it
another way, the creative solutions must address problems that are unique to medicine and be
simple enough for rural areas to adopt. For instance, telemedicine solutions should make it
simpler for rural patients to use the technology and should aid in digitally connecting patients
and their healthcare providers.
Entrepreneurship plays a key role in r ural health breakthroughs. In healthcare
institutions like hospitals, universities and libraries, this activity does not exist (Dhainaut
et al., 2020). To reinvent rural health, third parties (entrepreneurs outside of health
institutions) must step forward. These medical facilities, especially health libraries are now
acting as co-innovation partners, disseminating medical knowledge to startup teams and
encouraging rural people to contribute as users of innovation to their needs.
Health libraries owing to their proximity to medical experts, rural people and other
libraries, could help to involve these stakeholders in contact with the startup team to foster
prototyping sessions and thereby support the customer development process. Otherwise, due
to a lack of technology expertise and startup branding concerns, individuals will be hesitant
to contact the startup team (Gupta and Fernandez-Crehuet, 2021). Their insights and the
opinions of the rural people about the invention assist the startup team in continually testing
their value proposition hypotheses and ultimately deploying successful innovations.
Social networking technology could connect potential customers and health domain
experts with libraries and startups for startup activities. Personal sources, for instance,
family and friends, government organizations, for instance, centres related to health and
healthcare professionals are the most influential sources of Covid-19 information on social
media (Nabi et al., 2023). The social media then disseminated Covid-19 related information to
the public for their information and actions which reforms the social capital. Social capital
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