THE CONSISTORIAL DECISIONS OF THE COMMISSARIES OF EDINBURGH, 1564 TO 1576/7. Ed Thomas M Green Edinburgh: The Stair Society (www.stairsociety.org), 2014. lxxvi + 484 pp. ISBN 978187251 7285. £45.

Pages287-289
DOI10.3366/elr.2015.0284
Date01 May 2015
Published date01 May 2015

Philosophers are not alone in being troubled by what H L A Hart famously called “the pathology and embryology of legal systems” (The Concept of Law (Oxford, 1961) 122). Taking their lead from Hart himself – who paid particular attention both to the Russian Revolution and to more recent events in the British Commonwealth – public lawyers have used similar vocabulary in analysing contemporary changes in constitutional arrangements. One study, for example, considered the attempted secession of Quebec from Canada in 1995, and asked what the legal position would be if a Scottish government were to issue a unilateral declaration of independence from the United Kingdom (M D Walters, “Nationalism and the Pathology of Legal Systems: Considering the Quebec Secession Reference and Its Lessons for the United Kingdom” (1999) 62 MLR 371). If denied legitimacy by the existing legal system as well as by international law, but if eventually effective in creating a new independent state, would the declaration lead to the end of the Scottish legal system as it currently exists and to the creation of a new one? If so, when exactly would one system give way to the other? How would the new system come into existence? Would there be a period in which Scotland had no legal system? These are obviously questions of interest to historians as well.

The last example of UDI in Scotland occurred in the 1560s, when two parliaments in Edinburgh declared the realm's secession from the Catholic Church, sometimes described by historians as the first example of a fully functioning state in Europe. The secession was particularly problematic in relation to matters previously left to the regulation of the canon law and the adjudication of the church courts. How, for example, could a couple know whether a valid marriage existed between them? What law, if any, was applicable, and before which courts, if any, could disputes be determined? Could the authority of the Catholic Church be abrogated by the legislative fiat of a Scottish Parliament? On what basis could that question be answered? What if expert lawyers thought one thing but lay people thought another? What if people continued to raise disputes before representatives of the old church, or began to raise disputes before representatives of the new church who had not been formally authorised to deal with them? What if the new courts made use of the old law while rejecting the traditional understanding of its authority, or if the law they...

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