The relationship between perception of well-being and depression among adolescents in Jordan: using PERMA model as a theoretical framework
| Date | 26 May 2023 |
| Pages | 604-616 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-04-2023-0047 |
| Published date | 26 May 2023 |
| Subject Matter | Health & social care,Mental health,Social inclusion |
| Author | Bushra Ghannam,Husam Al Khatib,Abeer Alzayyat,Ayman Hamdan Mansour |
The relationship between perception of
well-being and depression among
adolescents in Jordan: using PERMA
model as a theoretical framework
Bushra Ghannam, Husam Al Khatib, Abeer Alzayyat and Ayman Hamdan Mansour
Abstract
Purpose –Adolescenceis a developmentalstage of transition that is markedby multiple biopsychosocial
changes that affecttheir well- and ill-being. This study aimsto examine the multidimensional of well-and
ill-being among adolescents, and to understand the relationship between well-being and depression
usingthe PERMA model among school-ageadolescents.
Design/methodology/approach –A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to recruit 625 school-
age adolescents (343 males and 282 females), using convenience sampling technique from the central
district of Jordan. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data in relation to depression and
well-being.
Findings –The analysisrevealed that 32%had a well-being score belowthe median and 19% had severe
depressive symptoms. Depressionand well-being were moderately correlated, with the connectedness
dimension being the most correlated to depression, whereas the engagement dimension was the least
correlated.Females had higher scores onall subscales of depression anda significantly higher scoreon
depression thanmales, whereas males had higher scores on all well-beingdimensions and significantly
higherscores on overall well-beingthan females.
Research limitations/implications –Adolescents’ mentalhealth is compromised and affected bytheir
perception of well-being, and a comprehensive psychoeducation for adolescents on how to enhance
well-beingmight combat development of depressivesymptoms.
Originality/value –This study used all PERMAmodel components to provide an in-depth description of
adolescents’ well-being, which is a crucial initial phase in better understanding how this age group
experienceswell-being and how it connects to their ill-being, as indicatedby their depressive symptoms.
The in-depth descriptionof adolescents’ well-being will aid inplanning early intervention and prevention
programsfor mental illness.
Keywords Depression, Wellness, PERMA model
Paper type Research paper
Introduction
Adolescence is a transitional stage of development that generally occurs during the period
from puberty to adulthood. It is usually defined to include an age range between 10 and
19 years (WHO, 2022). This stage involves biopsychosocial changes that are interrelated
that contributes to various forms of psychological disturbances (Hamdan-Mansour et al.,
2021). Such variation, although assumed to be normal, might increase their vulnerability to
mental and psychological disturbances (Hamdan-Mansour et al.,2021). Of the most
significant mental health problems among adolescents that mental health professionals
need to be aware about is depression. It has been reported that depression is found to be
Bushra Ghannam is based
at the The University of
Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Husam Al Khatib is based
at the Al-Ahliyya Amman
University, Amman, Jordan.
Abeer Alzayyat is based at
the Al-Balqa’ Applied
University, Balqa, Jordan.
Ayman Hamdan Mansour is
based at the Department of
Psychiatric Nursing, The
University of Jordan,
Amman, Jordan.
This study was conducted as
part of PhD requirement. The
authors acknowledge the
support of School of Nursing at
the University of Jordan.
Disclosure statement: The
authors report there are no
competing interests to declare.
Source of funding: The author
(s) received no financial
support for the research,
authorship and/or publication
of this article.
PAGE 604 jMENTAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL INCLUSION jVOL. 28 NO. 5 2024, pp. 604-616, ©Emerald Publishing Limited, ISSN 2042-8308 DOI 10.1108/MHSI-04-2023-0047
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