The second COVID-19 coronavirus wave and its implications for stress, anxiety, and depression among Indian adults
| Date | 08 November 2022 |
| Pages | 438-447 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-08-2022-0054 |
| Published date | 08 November 2022 |
| Subject Matter | Health & social care,Mental health,Social inclusion |
| Author | Praveen Kumar Sharma,Rajeev Kumra |
The second COVID-19 coronavirus wave
and its implications for stress, anxiety, and
depression among Indian adults
Praveen Kumar Sharma and Rajeev Kumra
Abstract
Purpose –The purpose of this paper was to investigatethe prevalence rates of stress, depression and
anxiety and their sociodemographic factors linked withthe Indian population following the second round
of COVID-19in India.
Design/methodology/approach –A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online
questionnaire. In total,505 individuals participated through convenience sampling.To measure anxiety,
depression and stress, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), a 21-statement self-reported
questionnaire,was used.
Findings –Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the sociodemographic
characteristics associated with depression, stress and anxiety. Results indicated salary/allowances
reduction and alcoholconsumption were associated with depression. Multipleregression also indicated
that salary/allowancesreduction, smoking status and alcohol consumptionwere associated with stress.
In addition, thisresearch also showed that chronic disease,salary/allowances reduction, smokingstatus
and alcoholconsumption were associatedwith anxiety.
Research limitations/implications –During the second COVID-19 wave in India, various individuals
were affected. Anxiety, depression and stress were common among Indians after the second wave of
COVID-19.Along with other actions to restrict the developmentof COVID-19, the Indian Government and
mental health specialists must pay close attention to the inhabitants’mental health. More large-scale
studieson various occupations should be conducted,and new mental health factorsshould be included.
Originality/value –This study provides empirical insights related the sociodemographic factors and
stress,anxiety and depression.
Keywords Anxiety, Stress, Depression
Paper type Research paper
Introduction
It is evident that the indirect and direct social and psychological effects of the coronavirus
(COVID-19) are quite often observed andmay influence mental health now as well as in the
future (Salari et al.,2020). Aside from the potential of getting the sickness during an
epidemic like COVID-19, there are considerable changes to our life when our movement is
constrained to stop and limit its spread.In light of the rising concerns of working from home,
temporary unemployment, online classes for children and a lack of physical touch with
family, friends or coworkers are all causes for worry, therefore it is critical that we maintain
our physical and mental health(Lai et al.,2020;Parthasarathyet al., 2021).
COVID-19 has aroused fear and alarm among everyone,mainly among older residents and
those with chronic diseases. Although COVID-19 may infect individuals of all ages, older
people, particularly those with underlying medical disorders including chronic respiratory
illness, diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease, are more likely to become sick. Lack
Praveen Kumar Sharma is
based at the Department of
Humanities and Social
Science, Jaypee Institute of
Information Technology,
Noida, India. Rajeev Kumra
is based at the Indian
Institute of Management
Lucknow –Noida Campus,
Noida, India.
PAGE 438 jMENTAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL INCLUSION jVOL. 28 NO. 5 2024, pp. 438-447, ©EmeraldPublishing Limited, ISSN 2042-8308 DOI 10.1108/MHSI-08-2022-0054
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