The women and men that make peace: Introducing the Mediating Individuals (M-IND) dataset
| Published date | 01 January 2025 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00223433231211761 |
| Author | Joakim Kreutz,Magda Lorena Cárdenas |
| Date | 01 January 2025 |
https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433231211761
Journal of Peace Research
2025, Vol. 62(1) 182 –192
© The Author(s) 2024
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DOI: 10.1177/00223433231211761
journals.sagepub.com/home/jpr
1225162JPR0010.1177/00223433231211761Journal of Peace ResearchKreutz & Cárdenas
research-article2024
Special Data Feature
The women and men that make peace:
Introducing the Mediating Individuals
(M-IND) dataset
Joakim Kreutz
Department of Government, Uppsala University
Magda Lorena Ca
´rdenas
Department of Political Science, Umeå University
Abstract
This article presents new data on the individuals who mediate (M-IND) in all active UCDP dyads and lethal MIDs,
1989–2019. The dataset contributes to the systematic study of conflict management in several important respects: it
covers both international and internal conflicts, it covers low-intensity violence, and it provides information on
individual mediators, who appointed them, and type of mediation. Besides presenting the data collection and
descriptive statistics, the article engages with the literatures on multiparty mediation and women, peace and security.
M-IND shows that women more commonly are appointed as mediators by nongovernmental organizations than by
states and international organizations. Our analysis suggests that greater equality in mediation efforts correlates with
the use of more varied mediation strategies and is associated with a greater chance of reaching peace agreements.
Keywords
civil conflict, diplomacy, international disputes, mediation, women peace and security
Introduction
Mediation constitutes one of the most employed tools for
addressing armed conflicts between andwithin states. The
United Nations (2017: 1) emphasizes mediation as an
‘important tool for conflict prevention, management, and
resolution’while a research overview suggests‘credible evi-
dence of its effectiveness’ (Wallensteen& Svensson, 2014:
315; but Beardsley,2008). Further, there is growinginter-
est among both policymakers and scholars to explore
whether specific characteristics of peacemakers are impor-
tant for the effectiveness of mediation efforts (Duursma,
2020). Suggesting that this is important is not novel
(Bercovitch, 1991; Bowling & Hoffman, 2000), but such
questions have previously mainly been studied through small
or medium-N research due to limited data availability.
To advance this literature, this article introduces
newly collected global data on individual mediators
(M-IND) for Militarized Intrastate Disputes (MID) and
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) conflict dyads
1989–2019. Besides identifying mediators by name, the
dataset registers who appointed them, their assigned role
in the effort, type of mediation, and biographical infor-
mation on mediators’ political, diplomatic, and interna-
tional careers. In total, M-IND covers 552 dyad-years of
mediation activity and has detailed data on 1,080 differ-
ent individual mediators with 1,832 conflict dyad
appointments. The new dataset reveals substantial varia-
tion in the characteristics of mediation efforts, with an
average of 4.68 different individuals involved as media-
tors every year (SD 6.33, median: 3, min.: 1, max.: 74).
1
Corresponding author:
Joakim.kreutz@statsvet.uu.se
1
Besides the identified individual mediators, M-IND contains
information about ‘unclear’ mediators. In future updates of the
dataset, the ambition is to find information also about these
mediators.
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