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| Date | 01 October 2011 |
| DOI | 10.1177/00208345110610050201 |
| Published date | 01 October 2011 |
| Subject Matter | Articles |
651
V
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES
(a) International law, organization and administration/Droit international, organisation et administration internationales
61.6654 AARONSON, Susan Ariel ; ABOUHARB, M. Rodw an —
Unexpected bedfellows: the GATT, the WTO and some
democratic rights. International Studies Quarterly 55(2),
June 2011 : 379-408.
The WTO system and democratic rights are unexpected bedfellows. The
GATT/WTO requires governments to adopt policies that provide foreign
products (read pr oducers) with due process, political partic ipation, and
information r ights related t o trade policy -making. Because these nations
also prov ide these rights to their citizens, a growing number of p eople
are learning how to influence trade-related policies. As trade today
encompasses many areas of gov ernance, these same c itizens may
gradually transfer the skills learned fr om influencing trade policies to
other pub lic issues. Thus, the WTO not only empowers foreign market
actors, but also citizens in repressive states . We use both qualitative and
quantitative analysis to examine whether membership in the WTO over
time leads to improvements in these democratic rights. [R, abr.]
61.6655 ALLARD, Pat rick ; LECHERV Y, Christian — Les puissances
émergentes et le G20 — la musique ou les chaises ?
(Emergent powers and the G20 — music or chairs?).
Défense nationale 741, June 2011 : 91-100. [Rés umé en
français]
The opening of the G-8 to include emergent powers has not resulted in
better collec tive responsibility in this club of self-invested l eaders of the
internationa l communit y. Each new membe r has brought to the tab le its
own slants , accentuated by a fragmented world. They worsen the revi-
sionism of global governance, especially in economic and financial
matters. [R] [See Abstr. 61.5678]
61.6656 ANING, Kwesi ; SALIHU, Naila — Accountability for inter-
vention: nego tiating civilian prot ection dilemmas with
respect to Econo mic Commun ity of West African sta tes
and African Union intervent ions. African Sec urity 4(2),
Apr.-June 2011 : 81-99.
The Economic Community of West African States [ECOWAS] and the
African Union have intervened in v arious African conf licts with either
retrospective or prior endorsement by the UN Security Council to protect
civilians from the adverse effects of conflicts. However, interventions by
these African institutions have s ometimes had uninte nded conse-
quences. We discuss some of the dilemmas and challenges that arise
during the use of f orce as a last resor t for civilian protection in Africa. We
argue that the use of force as a last resort for humanitarian intervention
by African regional and subr egional organizations for protecting civilians
from mass atrocities often results in positive as well as negative unin-
tended consequences for both interveners and civilians. [R, abr.]
61.6657 ARBOUR, Louis e — The Responsibility to Protect as a
duty of care in international law and practice. Review of
International Studies 34(3), July 2008 : 445-458 .
This discussion focuses on the c ontent of the Responsibility to Protect
the norm. It specifically addresses the historical roots and development
of the norm by describing its fundamental differences from the doctrine of
humanitarian intervention. The legal heart of the Res ponsibility to Protect
concept and questions of when and how the norm is engaged are also
examined. Finally, the discussion explores the role that t he UN institu-
tions can play in interpreting and applying the norm, as well as the
mechanisms of cooperation in protection available to the international
community. [R]
61.6658 ARCHIBUGI, Daniele ; CHIARUGI, Marina — Looking for a
jurisdiction for Soma li pirates. Political Qu arterly 82(2),
Apr.-June 2011 : 231-239.
One of the surprising things about the resurgence of piracy in the Gulf of
Aden is t hat there is not yet a c lear standard of conduct whe n suspected
pirates are eventually caught. There are many cases in which pirates
have been released by the military navies that arrested the m and ot her
cases of excessive use of force. This article addresses the possibility of
providing a fair trial to suspected pirates, also on the ground of new
developments in establishing dedicated cou rts in states of the region.
Judging suspected pirates presents a variety of problems associated to
evidence-collection, availability of witnesses and national laws to be
applied. [R, abr.]
61.6659 ASADA, Masahiko — The Treaty on the Non-Prolifer ation
of Nuclear Weapons and the universalization of the Addi-
tional Protocol. Journal of Conflict and Security Law 16(1),
Spring 2011 : 3-34.
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) has been
under serious str ain for nearly two decades since the “dis covery” after
the 1991 Gulf War of the cla ndestine development of nuclear weapons i n
Iraq. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAE A) Board of Gover-
nors responded to the revelation by adopting the Model Additiona l
Protocol in 1997, which wo uld give the IAEA a much broader power t han
the comprehensive safeguards agreements (CSA) and woul d pr ovide
credible assurance of the absence of undeclared nuclear material and
activities on the territories of i ts parties . This article first con siders
whether one can argue that the conc lusion and bringing into force of an
additional protoc ol is an obligation under the NPT. It then discusses the
ways and means to make the Additional Protocol universal. [R, abr.]
61.6660 ATAMAN, Muhitt in ; AYH AN, V eysel ; D ALAR, Mehmet —
Avrupa'nin Türkiye algilamasi: Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği
için anlami (EU’s perception of Turkey: the meaning of
Turkey for the EU). Bilgi Dergisi 21, 2010 : 54-72.
This study evaluates the EU's perception [of] Turkey. After a short
introduction about European integration, [we] analyze Turkey's meaning
for the EU and the European perception of Turkey in different issue
areas such as history, geogr aphy, econo my, intern ational sy stem an d
the EU public opinion. [R, abr.]
61.6661 BAIN, William — Responsibility and obligation in the
"Responsibility to Prot ect". Review of International Studies
36, Special Issue 2010 : 25-46.
This article takes up L. Arbour's claim that the doctrine of the “Responsi-
bility to Protect” [“The Responsibi lity to Protect as a duty of care in
internationa l law a nd practice”, ibid. 34(3), July 2008: 445-458; Abstr.
61.6657] is grounded in existing obligat ions of int ernational law, specifi-
cally those pertaining to the prevention and punishment of genocide. It
argues that the coherence of R2P depends on an unacknowledged and
unarticulated theory of obligat ion that connects notions of culpability,
blame, and ac countability with the kind of preventive, punitive, and
restorative action that Arbour and others advocate. Two theories of
obligation are then offered — one natural, the other conventional —
which make this connection explic it. But the naturalist account escapes
the “ real” world to redeem the intrinsic dignity of all men and wome n,
while the conventionalist account remains firmly tethered to the “real”
world in redeeming whatever d ignity can be had by way of an agree-
ment. [R, abr.] [First of a ser ies of articles on the "Responsibility to
Protect". See a lso Abstr. 61.6680, 6686, 6752]
61.6662 BATORY, Agn es ; CARTWRIGHT, Andrew — Re-visiting
the partnership principle in [EU] cohesion po licy: the role
of civil society organizations in structural funds monitor-
ing. Journal of Common Market Studies 49(4), July 2011 :
697-717.
This article investigates the horizontal dimension of partnership ar-
rangements in cohesion policy in three EU Member States: Austria,
Hungary and Slovakia. The focus is on the practice of the monitoring
committees (MCs), the primary institutional expression of partnership in
the distribution of Structur al Funds. In each country, NGO participation in
the MCs remained contentious, the work ing of the committees was rather
formalistic, and the bodies' purpose and ro le conceptions were ambigu-
ous. The implication is that partnership as c urrently practiced does n ot
live up either to normat ive expectations s uggested by the EU regulation
of the committees or to the expectations of civil society partner organiza-
tions themselves. [R]
61.6663 BECKER, Werner — 12 Jahre Eu ro. Aus ruhigen
Gewässern in stürmische See (The euro at twelve. From
International rela tions
652
calm waters to a stormy sea). Vierteljahrshefte für Zeit-
geschichte 59(3), July 2011 : 445-466.
After twelve years the euro can be seen as a success story given its
numerous favorable feat ures such as pric e stability and closer trade ties.
There are, however, also some disappointme nts, in part icular the go v-
ernment debt crisis in 2010/2011. This crisis does not signal a currency
crisis of the Euro; instead it points to severe government debt as well as
banking prob lems in individual Euro area countries. The EMU is based
on solidity in order to secure confidence. Consequently solidarity cannot
in itself solve c rises such as the one in Ma y 2010. T herefore it is ess en-
tial to r estore a sus tainable budgetary positio n in all four problem c oun-
tries by r einforcing th e Stability and Growth Treaty and strengthening
growth through structural refor ms. [R, abr.]
61.6664 BELLAMY, Alex J. ; W ILLIAMS, Paul D. — The new politics
of protection? Côte d’Ivoire, Libya and the responsibility
to protect. International Affairs 87(4), July 2011 : 825-851.
International society's relatively decisive responses to recent crises in
Côte d'Ivoire and Liby a have provoked significant commentary, suggest-
ing that something has changed about the way the world responds to
violence against civilians. Focusing on these two cases, this article
examines the changing practice of the UN Sec urity Council. We are
seeing the emergence of a new politics of protection, developing over the
past dec ade. Four things are new about this politics of protection: pro-
tecting civilian s from harm has become a focus for inte rnational en-
gagement; the UN Security C ouncil has proved itself willing to authorize
the use of force for protection purposes; regional organizations have
begun to play the role of “gatek eeper”; and major pow ers have exhibited
a determination to work through the Security Council where p ossible. [R,
abr.]
61.6665 BERNAL, Ang élica M. — Power, powerlessness and
petroleum: indigenous environmental claims and the lim-
its of transnational law. New Political Science 33(2), June
2011 : 143-167.
Environmental disasters, particularly oil sp ills, increas ingly involv e a
complex intermingling of the national, international and often the transna-
tional. Traditional responses to seeking remediation have pursued the
legal path of c lass-action suits against multinational corporations. This
article examines one such historic case, Aguinda v. Texa co, Inc., in
which residents of Ecuador's Amazonian rainforest brought suit against
Texaco in US federal courts through the legal opening pr ovided by the
Alien Tort Claims Act of 1789. This article off ers an ap proach that shifts
the focus from the limitations of the law towards a perspective on pow er.
Bringing to b ear political sc ience's power deb ate to develop t his perspec-
tive, it highlights what analytical tools from this debate are translatable or
which are not for understanding the power r elations of the Aguinda case.
[R, abr.]
61.6666 BISCOP, Sven ; COELMONT , J o — CSDP [EU Common
Security and Defense Po licy] a nd the "Ghent frame-
work": the indirect approach to permanent structured
cooperation? European Foreign Affairs Review 16(2), May
2011 : 149-167.
This article pleads for a creative use of Permanent Structured Coopera-
tion (PESCO), the new mechanism in the area of defense offered by the
[2007] Lisbon treaty. Building on the continue d will of EU member states
to pursue the transformation of their ar med forces towards expeditionary
operations, notably by exploiting opportu nities for further pooling and
sharing of capabilities, we propose a Permanent Capability Conference
as a high-level political pla tform to generate eff ective military c onver-
gence. Systematic alignment o f national defense planning through such
a permanent and structured process at the strategic level will enable
each member state to focus its defens e effort on the right capabilities, to
do away with redundant capabi lities, to make maximal use of poo ling and
specialization, and to contribute to multinational projects to address
Europe's str ategic capability s hortfalls. [R, abr.]
61.6667 BLOM-HANSEN, Jens — The EU comitology system:
taking stock before the new Lisbon regime. Journal of
European Public Policy 18(4), June 2011 : 607-617.
The Lisbon Treaty introduces a distinction between legislative, delegated
and impl ementation acts and thus represents a new approach to dele-
gated decision-mak ing in the EU. This will lead to a reform of the comi-
tology system. Against this background th is contribution takes stock.
What do we know about the comitology system? Can the existing litera-
ture help us understand the post-Lisbon chang es? [R]
61.6668 BORRÁS, Susana ; PETERS, B. Guy — The Lisbon Strat-
egy's empow erment of core executives: centralizing and
politicizing EU national co-ordination. Journal of European
Public Policy 18( 4), June 2011 : 525-545.
This paper studies the effects of the Lisbon Strategy on the way in which
national executives co-ordinate EU policy at the domestic level. Compar-
ing seve n countries (Denmark, the UK, Austria, Slovenia, Spain, France
and Poland) it finds evidence that the Lisbon Strategy has been advanc-
ing (further) centralization and politicization in nat ional patterns of EU
policy co-ordination, empowering core ex ecutives. The Lisbon Strategy's
ideational elements (“grand” goals and po litically visible ta rgets) as well
as organizational requirements (Spring Council, national programmin g
and annual reports) ar e factors behind this p henomenon. These results
have implications for the literature on Europeanization, international
politics, and governance studies in what is eminently an empirical re-
search agenda about how far and how changes in international govern-
ance architec tures affect the redistributio n of power within nat ional
executives. [R] [See Abstr . 61.6669]
61.6669 BORRÁS, Susana ; RAD AELLI, C laudio M. — The politics
of governance architectures: creation, change and ef-
fects of the EU Lisbon Strategy. Journal of European Pub-
lic Policy 18(4) , June 2011 : 463-484.
The Lisbon Strategy is the most high-profile initiativ e of the EU for eco-
nomic governance of the last decade. Yet it is also one of the most
neglected subjects of EU studies. We define the Lisbon Str ategy as a
case of governance architecture, raising questions about its creation,
evolution and impact at the national level. We tackle thes e questions by
drawing on ins titutional theories about emergence and change of institu-
tional arrangements and on the multiple-streams model. We formulate a
set of propositions and hypotheses to make sense of the creation,
evolution and national impact of the Lisbon Str ategy. We argue that
institutiona l amb iguity is us ed st rategically by coalitions at the EU and
national leve l in (r e-)defining its ideational and organizational elements.
[R, abr.] [Introduction to a thematic issue on "The politics of the Lisbon
Agenda: governance architectures and domestic usages of Europe",
edited by the authors. See also Abstr. 61.6181, 6668, 6678, 6688, 6724,
6760]
61.6670 BOUTIN, J. D. Ken neth — Balancing act: competition and
cooperation in US Asia-Pacific regionalism. Japanese
Journal of Political Science 12(2), Aug. 2011 : 179-194.
While the US is an important Asia-Pacific actor, its engagement with the
region is complex and often difficult. Not only must US regionalism
balance the diverse requirem ents of an ambitious policy agenda, but also
US policy norms and priorities often clash with those of oth er regional
actors. This has important implications for the capac ity of t he US to
provide regional lead ership. Recent years have seen growing policy
convergence between the US and other Asia-Pacific actors, particularly
in eco nomic ter ms, but US region alism con tinues to feature competition
alongside collaboration. [R] [F irst article of a th ematic issue on "Asian
regionalism", introduced, pp. 165-178, by Ba ogang HE and Tak ashi
INOGUCHI. See also Abstr. 61.6703, 6736, 6768, 6810, 6843, 6862,
7005]
61.6671 BRACK, Nathalie — S' opposer au sein du Parlement
européen : le cas des eurosceptiques (Opposition in the
European Parliament: the case of t he Euroskept ics). Re-
vue internationale de Politique comparée 18(2), 2011 : 131-
147. [Résumé en français]
This article examines the perceptions and practices that Euroskeptic
MEPs, considered as anti-system actors, have of their representative
mandate. The aim is f irst to determin e to what extent hard Eur oskeptics
develop a unified vision of their mandate and similar behavioral charac-
teristics or if a certain divers ity is noticeable. Using the concept of politi-
cal role, it shows that these representatives have more choice than a
"voice" or an "exit" strategy. Second, the paper combines institutional
and individual factors to explain the choice of a role by these actors. [R]
[See Abstr. 61.5657]
61.6672 BRKIC, Luka ; KO TARSKI, Kristijan — Managi ng crisis in
the Eurozone. Politička Misao (C roatian Politica l Science
Review) 47(5), 2010 : 7-26.
This paper first highlights basic structural problems that led to the current
crisis of confidence in the common European currency. [It then] discuss
the lack of monetary and fiscal policy-coordination, while analyzes
monetary and fiscal responses to the crisis by the EU institutions and
national actors . The fourth part portr ays some possibilities for overcom-
ing deep-seated structural imbalances, and questions the likelihood of
gouvernement écon omique as a new stage in European integration. [R,
abr.]
61.6673 BROOME, André — Negotiating c risis: the IMF and disas-
ter capitalism in small states. Round Table 413, Apr. 2011 :
155-167.
How do small states use international organizations to manage the
consequences of exogenous shoc ks? This article examines this question
through exploring how small states negotiate with the IMF for crisis-
management support duri ng a period of “disaster capitalism”. Focusing
on the cas e of Iceland, the article argues that while small stat es can
potentially build s cale eco nomies in specialis t sec tors suc h as banking,
the risks inherent in rapid financial expans ion greatly increase their
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