Archiving (In)justice: Building Archives and Imagining Community

Date01 June 2020
DOI10.1177/0305829820935175
AuthorHenry Alexander Redwood
Published date01 June 2020
Subject MatterOriginal Articles
https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829820935175
Millennium: Journal of
International Studies
2020, Vol. 48(3) 271 –296
© The Author(s) 2020
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DOI: 10.1177/0305829820935175
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Archiving (In)justice: Building
Archives and Imagining
Community
Henry Alexander Redwood
King’s College London, UK
Abstract
This article explores the role that archives play in the constitution and governance of the
international community. First, drawing on post-colonial scholarship, it develops a framework
to explicate the link between archive and community, centring on questions of voice, identity
and responsibility. It then examines how the archive can be analysed, pointing additionally to
the importance of the archive’s materiality. Second, these ideas are explored through a reading
of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda’s (ICTR) archive, which helped rebuild the
international community in the wake of its failure to prevent the Rwandan genocide. By providing
a detailed reading of the ICTR’s records, and drawing on the framework established in the
first section, the article shows that the archive constructed a liberal, patriarchal and colonial
understanding of the international community.
Keywords
archive, international community, genocide, post-colonial, international criminal justice, Rwanda
Type de manuscrit: Article original
Archiver la (l’in)justice: constituer des archives et imaginer des
communautés
Résumé
Cet article traite du rôle que jouent les archives dans la formation et la gouvernance de la
communauté internationale. Premièrement, sur la base de recherches postcoloniales, il établit
un cadre permettant d'expliquer le lien entre les archives et la communauté, articulé autour
des questions d’expression, d'identité et de responsabilité. Il expose également la manière
dont les archives peuvent être analysées, en mettant notamment en évidence l'importance de
Corresponding author:
Henry Alexander Redwood, Lecturer in International Relations, Department of War Studies, King’s College
London, Room K.7.05, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
Email: henry.redwood@kcl.ac.uk
935175MIL0010.1177/0305829820935175Millennium: Journal of International StudiesRedwood
research-article2020
Original Article
272 Millennium: Journal of International Studies 48(3)
1. Emma Rothschild, ‘The Archives of Universal History’, Journal of World History 19, no. 3
(2007): 375–6.
2. Gary Bruce, ‘East Germany’, in Transitional Justice in Eastern Europe and the Former
Soviet Union: Reckoning with the Communist Past, ed. Lavinia Stan (London: Routledge,
leur matérialité. Deuxièmement, ces idées sont examinées à travers une lecture des archives
du Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda (TPIR), qui ont contribué à reconstruire la
communauté internationale après son échec à empêcher le génocide rwandais. Grâce à une
lecture détaillée des dossiers du TPIR et sur la base du cadre établi dans la première partie,
l'article montre que les archives ont forgé une conception libérale, patriarcale et coloniale de la
communauté internationale.
Mots-clés
archives, génocide, communauté internationale
Tipo de manuscrito: artículo original
El registro de la (in)justicia: crear archivos e imaginar la comunidad
Resumen
Este artículo explora el papel de los archivos en la constitución y el gobierno de la comunidad
internacional. En primer lugar, basándose en los estudios postcoloniales, desarrolla un marco para
explicar la relación entre archivo y comunidad, centrándose en cuestiones de voz, identidad y
responsabilidad. En segundo lugar, examina cómo puede analizarse el archivo y subraya, además,
la importancia de la materialidad del archivo. A continuación, se exploran estas ideas a través de
una interpretación del archivo del Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda (TPIR), que ayudó
a reconstruir la comunidad internacional después de su incapacidad para prevenir el genocidio
ruandés. Aportando una interpretación detallada de los registros del TPIR y apoyándose en
el marco establecido en la primera sección, el artículo muestra que el archivo estableció una
interpretación liberal, patriarcal y colonial de la comunidad internacional.
Palabras clave
archivos, genocidio, comunidad internacional
Introduction
In the aftermath of the Second World War, the United Nations (UN) proposed the forma-
tion of a universal archive that would represent the unity of the international community,
marking a moment of internationalist identity building.1 Whilst the Cold War put an end
to this idea, dotted throughout the international domain – not least within the UN – are
archives that resemble this project, marking an attempt to construct an account of what
the ‘international community’ is and how it should exist. Archives have played important
roles elsewhere in international politics, forming part of the response to human rights
violations and in some cases acting as a substitute for more conventional modes of jus-
tice, as with the opening of the Stasi archives after the collapse of the German Democratic
Republic.2 At the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) – the focus of this

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