Book Reviews : The International Territories. From the "Free City of Cracow " to the "Free City of Berlin". Meir Ydit. A. W. Sythoff. Leyden. Dgl. 24
| Published date | 01 April 1961 |
| Date | 01 April 1961 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/004711786100200317 |
| Subject Matter | Articles |
196
doctrinaire
socialist,
as
too
big
and
encumbered
with
far
too
much
ideology.
They
allow
for
too
much
heavy
industry
and
provide
for
too
few
exports.
India’s
deficit
financing
is
bound
to
lead
to
a
recurrent
balance
of
payments
crisis
and
its
onerous
taxation
is
destructive
of
initiative
and
effort.
The
Government
controls
and
nationalizes
too
much,
and
the
land
reforms
which
they
have
initiated
are
confiscatory
in
character.
The
legislation
governing
labour
has
the
effect
of
making
wages
too
high
and
sacking
for
efficiency
or
redundancy
too
difficult,
though
the
latter
difficulty
is
hardly
special
to
India.
There
is
too
much
bias
against
consumer
industry,
and
the
small
man
is
entangled
in
a
network
of
regulations.
In
fact
Dr.
Bauer’s
contention
is
that
though
there
is
so
much
planning
there
is
no
real
Plan-gaps
in
resources
are
left
unfilled,
estimates
are
recklessly
exceeded-again
a
phenomenon
not
confined
to
India-and
the
most
economical
use
of
the
available
resources
ignored.
There
is
an
exag-
gerated
physical
investment
as
against
investment
in
people
and
a
tendency
to
treat
all
investment
expenditure
as
one
aggregate
subject
to
a
joint
capital-output
ratio.
Even
real
costs
are
not
properly
worked
out;
the
bias
shown
to
state
enterprises
in
the
award
of
import
licences
and
access
to
saving
produces
an
inbuilt
unreality.
There
is
almost
certainly
an
unbalance
in
expenditure,
and
India
is
trying
to
run
before
she
can
walk,
but
the
picture
painted
here
is
too
dark.
The
land
reform
is
not
confiscatory,
though
the
compensation
is
inadequate,
male
illiteracy
is
disappearing,
and
the
smaller
manufacturer
appears
to
be
flourishing,
while
many
cottage
industries
are
being
revived.
The
con-
centration
of
heavy
industry
is
akin
to
what
took
place
in
Russia
at
a
similar
stage,
and
is
due
to
the
need
for
steel,
machinery
and
chemicals.
Whether
it
is
entirely
wise
for
industrial
expansion
in
the
East
to
follow
exactly
the
pattern
set
by
the
West,
in
a
totally
different
climate
and
setting,
is
another
question.
But
Dr.
Bauer’s
proposed
suggestion
to
remedy
the
situation
by
making
Western
aid
dependent
upon
less
Indian
planning
would
not
only
make
confusion
worse
confounded
but
would
raise
so
much
resent-
ment
against
such
an
interference
in
internal
affairs
that
it
might
end
by
the
loss
of
India
to
the
democratic
camp.
If
reforms
of
over-restrictive
legisla-
tions
are
to
come
they
will
have
to
come
from
internal
not
external
pressure.
The
International
Territories.
From
the
"
Free
City
of
Cracow
" to
the
"Free
City
of
Berlin".
Meir Ydit.
A.
W.
Sythoff.
Leyden.
Dgl.
24.
In
his
introduction
the
author
states
that
the
purpose
of
his
study
is
&dquo;
(1)
to
describe
the
various
stages
in
the
development
of
the
notion
inter-
nationalisation ’
and ’
internationalised
territories ’
during
the
past
150
years;
(2) to
arrive
at
a
definition
of
this
notion
from
the
political
aspects
as
well
as
from
the
aspects
of
contemporary
international
law,
and,
finally,
(3)
to
examine
the
feasibility
and
viability
of
this
system
as
a
means
to
settle
international
conflicts
and
problems
&dquo;.
In
the
body
of
the
work.
divided
into
three
Parts,
he
follows
this
plan
by
considering
in
Chapter
I
the
notion
of
&dquo;
sovereignty
&dquo;
and
&dquo;
restrictive
sovereignty
&dquo;,
in
Chapter
II
all
cases
of
internationalised
territories
up
to
World
War
I
(1815
to
1914),
in
Chapter
III
territories
under
the
sovereignty
of the
League
of
Nations,
and
in
Chapter
IV
territories
under
the
sovereignty
of
the
United
Nations,
and
in
the
final
Chapter
V,
of
Part
I,
recent
trends
towards
&dquo; internationalisation
&dquo; in
Antarctica,
Cyprus,
Berlin, and
so
on.
Part
II
consists
of
a
series
of
detailed
case
studies
of
Cracow,
Crete.
Shanghai,
Tangier,
Danzig,
Trieste
and
Jerusalem,
while
a
very
short
Part
1(I
sums
up
the
author’s
conclusions
which
are
on
the
whole
pessimistic
as
to
the
future
development
of
the
system.
There
is
a
mass
of
information
here,
well
arranged
and
documented.
But
its
usefulness
to
the
English
scholar
or
student
is
unfortunately
largely
vitiated
by
bad
translation.
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