Brexit and Energy in Scotland

Pages144-149
DOI10.3366/elr.2018.0466
Author
Date01 January 2018
Published date01 January 2018
INTRODUCTION

Brexit, however it emerges (and assuming that it will emerge), poses two key questions for energy governance and regulation in Scotland. Firstly, what impact might it have on Scotland's energy strategy? Secondly, what are its possible UK-wide effects?

BREXIT AND SCOTLAND'S ENERGY STRATEGY

Brexit is taking place at an important stage in the development of Scotland's energy sector.1 Over the past ten years, there have been major shifts, driven by UK and Scottish legislation and government policy, to reduce reliance on fossil fuels in order to mitigate climate change. Building on the UK Climate Change Act 2008, the Scottish Parliament's Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 set the ambitious statutory target of reducing Scotland's carbon emissions by 80% by 2050.2 The Scottish Government will soon be introducing a new Climate Change (Scotland) Bill with even more challenging objectives, including increasing the 2050 target to a 90% emissions reduction.3

As a result of technological developments and government support, there have been significant changes to electricity generation in particular: renewable electricity (principally wind turbines and historic hydro-electricity) now accounts for nearly 60% of Scotland's electricity generation, with most of the rest being provided by the country's nuclear power stations, which generate low-carbon – although not renewable – electricity.4

Importantly, the 2017 Scottish Government Draft Energy Strategy, which will be finalised towards the end of the year, is also proposing the even more exacting objective that 50% of Scotland's energy consumption – its electricity and its transport and heating – is to be supplied from low-carbon, renewable sources by 2030.5 What makes achieving this goal so challenging is that electricity accounts for only around 20% of Scotland's total energy demand, with the remaining 80% in heating and transport.6 Moreover, while the changes to electricity generation have gone mainly unnoticed by consumers, reforming heating and transport is likely to be more difficult, as it will require individual consumers both to change their behaviour and spend money.

The final form of the Scottish Government's energy strategy remains to be seen, but it is doubtful that it will differ significantly from the draft version which has been out to consultation. As such, it is likely to be an ambitious strategy which articulates medium to long-term targets without focusing on the technical challenges that need to be overcome in order to achieve its goals. This is justifiable in a broad strategy, although just how achievable the targets are will no doubt be a matter for debate.

From an energy governance perspective, the strategy is significant in that it adds a further piece to the jigsaw of the Scottish Government's inter-related strategies. In particular, given the big picture nature of overall Scottish Government policy, the draft energy strategy and Scotland's Energy Efficiency Programme (“SEEP”)7 currently fit together. As further progress is made...

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