Differentiation in the European Union and beyond
| Author | Liesbet Hooghe,Gary Marks |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/14651165221127885 |
| Published date | 01 March 2023 |
| Date | 01 March 2023 |
| Subject Matter | Forum |
Differentiation in the
European Union and
beyond
Liesbet Hooghe
Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Robert Schuman Centre, European
University Institute, Florence, Italy
Gary Marks
Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Robert Schuman Centre, European
University Institute, Florence, Italy
Abstract
This forum article analyzes differentiation among states in the European Union and
among regions within states as a single phenomenon, an arrangement in which one or
more constituent units opt out of a common policy. By examining differentiation in a
variety of contexts, we seek to shed light on its basic features.
Keywords
Differentiation, differentiated integration, European Union, multilevel governance,
regionalism
In this forum article, we seek to bridge two islands of theorizing: differentiation within
states and differentiation among states. Each of these literatures is well developed, and
while researchers in both areas may be aware of each other, they have not conversed
in depth. Our premise is that these literatures have much to learn from each other.
They confront the same puzzle in different contexts, and their lessons are fundamental.
Corresponding author:
Liesbet Hooghe, Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina, Hamilton Hall 369, Chapel Hill
NC 27599-3265, USA; European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, Via dei
Roccettini 9, 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy.
Emails: hooghe@unc.edu; elisabeth.hooghe@eui.eu
Forum
European Union Politics
2023, Vol. 24(1) 225–235
© The Author(s) 2022
Article reuse guidelines:
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DOI: 10.1177/14651165221127885
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