Ho Hock Lai [H L Ho], A PHILOSOPHY OF EVIDENCE LAW: JUSTICE IN THE SEARCH FOR TRUTH Oxford: Oxford University Press (www.oup.co.uk), Oxford Monographs on Criminal Law and Justice, 2008. xiv and 347 pp. ISBN 9780199228300. £50.

Published date01 May 2009
Pages365-366
Date01 May 2009
DOI10.3366/E1364980909001693
AuthorAndrew L-T Choo

Those who are familiar with H L Ho's carefully-crafted journal articles on aspects of the law of evidence will welcome the publication by Oxford University Press of his A Philosophy of Evidence Law: Justice in the Search for Truth, in the series of Oxford Monographs on Criminal Law and Justice. Ho's central thesis is that the law of evidence should be viewed from the perspective of a fact-finder seeking to do justice in the search for the truth. This “internal analysis”, Ho argues, is different from an “external” critique, which approaches legal fact-finding from “the perspective of a system engineer” or “a detached observer of the trial system” (46). It is argued that what an “external” critique seeks to discover – from the perspective of an outsider looking in – is whether the law of evidence has succeeded in achieving certain aims. According to Ho, an “external” perspective sees the central aim of the law of evidence to be the discovery of the truth, even if this central aim may be qualified by the acknowledgement that other values have to be respected in achieving that aim. By contrast, an “internal” perspective requires that (83):

[we] … place ourselves in the role of the fact-finder as a moral agent standing in relation to the person whose case she is empowered to dispose. Justice in trial deliberation requires that she acknowledges the humanity of that person … exercises a sense of justice … and responds to her with empathic care … In short, the trier of fact must appreciate, from the position of that person, the value of respect and concern. A verdict should be given against her only when it can be justified on grounds that she ought reasonably to accept. The standard of proof and evidential reasoning used in reaching the verdict must express adequate respect and concern.

Ho is admirably clear and eloquent in patiently setting out his stall and defending his thesis through the six chapters of the book and a brief epilogue. The first three chapters set the scene by addressing, respectively, aspects of fact-finding, the relationship between “truth” and “justice”, and the epistemology of legal fact-finding. Chapters 4 to 6 then address selected topics in the substantive law of evidence: the standard of proof, hearsay evidence, and similar fact evidence. In Chapter 6, for example, the author argues, from an “internal” perspective, that in a criminal case “the court must not hold the accused's discreditable past directly against him for to do so is to...

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