I Political Science: Method and Theory Science Politique: Méthodes et Théories
| Date | 01 October 2018 |
| DOI | 10.1177/002083451806800501 |
| Published date | 01 October 2018 |
| Subject Matter | Abstract |
575
I
POLITICAL SCIENCE : METHOD AND THEORY
SCIENCE POLITIQUE : MÉTHODES ET THÉORIES
68.5605 ACHARYA, Avidit ; BLACKWELL, Matthew ; SEN, Maya —
Explaining preferences from behavior: a cognitive disso-
nance approach. Journal of Politics 80(2), Apr. 2018 : 400-
411.
The standard approach in positive political theory posits that action
choices are the consequences of preferences. Social psychology — in
particular, cognitive dissonance theory — suggests the opposite: prefer-
ences may themselves be affected by action choices. We present a
framework that applies this idea to three mode ls of p olitical choice: (1)
one in which partisanship emerges naturally in a two-party system
despite policy being multidimensional, (2) one in which interactions with
people who express different views can lead to empathetic changes in
political positions, and (3) one in which ethnic or racial hostility increases
after acts of violence. These examples demonstrate how incorporating
the insights of social psychology can expand the scope of formalization
in political science. [R]
68.5606 ADAMS, N. P. — Institutional legitimacy. Journal of Politi-
cal Philosophy 26(1), March 2018 : 84-102.
I have shown that there is promise in approaching legitimacy from a
general institutional perspective, especially as we consider the legitimacy
of non-state, international institutions. There is a coherent and useful
notion of legitimacy that applies to institutions of any kind and asks
whether they have the right to function without coercive interference.
This approach to legitimacy may not only unify various projects, it may
also illuminate some classic questions about the legitimacy of the state
and what sorts of demands states can make of us. Part of this is due to
the minimalism of my understanding of legitimacy, which opens further
moral categories for independent, clear evaluation. [R]
68.5607 AGNÉ, Hans — Democratism: towards an explanatory
approach to international politics. Review of International
Studies 44(3), July 2018 : 547-569.
In the last decades, scholars and political leaders have increasingly
suggested that elements of democracy exist in governance beyond
individual states. If this is so, how does democracy beyond the state
shape international politics? This article suggests conceptual preliminar-
ies for theorizing consequences of democracy beyond the state in gen-
eral and their implications for problems of peace and conflict in particular.
The purpose is twofold: first, to begin reconstructing existing normative
democratic theory into an explanatory perspective sensitive to interna-
tional politics; second, to indicate how this new perspective is able to
explain empirical observations pertaining to conflict and cooperation
among states; international institutions; foreign policies; human rights
protection; and the violence of transnational terrorist networks. [R]
68.5608 ÅHÄLL, Linda — Affect as methodology: feminism and
the politics of emotion. International Political Sociology
12(1), March 2018 : 36-52.
By presenting a feminist methodological approach to the affective-
discursive to analyze the politics of emotion, this paper starts by discuss-
ing feminist critiques of the “affective turn.” Then, a methodological
framework of gender, discourse, and affect as a structure that “goes-
without-saying” is presented. C. Hemmings’ concept of affective diss o-
nance is used as a tool guiding a feminist curiosity, useful to zoom in on
the political puzzle of what emotion (in its broadest sense) does. The
third section draws on two examples of being emotional about violent
“Woman” to illustrate how moments of affective dissonance spark a
feminist curiosity about gender, agency, and political violence. [R, abr.]
68.5609 AIDT, Toke S. ; CASTRO, Vitor ; MARTINS, Rodrigo —
Shades of red and blue: government ideology and sus-
tainable development. Public Choice 175(3-4), June 2018 :
303-323.
We study the effect of government ideology on sustainable development,
measured as investment in genuine wealth, in a dynamic panel of 79
countries between 1981 and 2013. We find robust and statistically
significant evidence that genuine investment grows faster under right-
wing governments than under left-wing or center governments. In con-
trast, we find no indication of opportunistic cycles. [R]
68.5610 ALDRICH, John H., et al. — Incognizance and perceptual
deviation: individual and institutional sources of varia-
tion in citizens' perceptions of party placements on the
Left-Right scale. Political Behavior 40(2), 2018 : 415-433.
We use comparative study of electoral systems data to understand the
variation in citizens’ perceptions of political party placements on the left-
right scale. We estimate multilevel models to assess the extent to which
individual characteristics, party characteristics, and institutional designs
contribute to variability observed in citizens’ perceptions of party place-
ments. Because lack of information on the part of the citizens may be
revealed through failure to respond to the left -right scale questions or
through random components to actual placements, we develop models
that include assessments of both types of responses to reduce bias from
considering only one source. We find that individual-, party-, and institu-
tional-level variables are relevant to understanding variation in citizens’
perceptions of party placements. [R, abr.]
68.5611 ALLEN, Nicholas ; BIRCH, Sarah ; SARMIENTO-
MIRWALDT, Katja — Honesty above all else? Expecta-
tions and perceptions of political conduct in three estab-
lished democracies. Comparative European Politics 16(3),
May 2018 : 511-534.
Many citizens across the liberal democratic world are highly critical of
their elected representatives’ conduct. Drawing on original survey data
from Britain, France and Germ any, this paper offers a unique insight into
prevailing attitudes across Europe’s three largest democracies. It finds
remarkable consistencies in the ethical priorities of British, French and
German citizens: although there is some individual-level va riation, re-
spondents in all three countries overwhelmingly prioritize having honest
representatives. It also finds differences in the types of behavior that
cause most concern in each country. The paper then examines how
individuals’ preferences shape their concerns about prevailing standards.
The findings are consistent with the idea that citizens’ predispositions
have an “anchoring” effect on perceptions of political integrity. [R, abr.]
68.5612 ALTERMARK, Niklas ; NILSSON, Hampus — Crafting the
“well-rounded citizen”: empowerment and the govern-
ment of counterradicalization. International Political Sociol-
ogy 12(1), March 2018 : 53-69.
Counter-radicalization work has come to focus on empowering vulner-
able communities and individuals through programs implemented by
local governments and welfare services. This article examines this new
regime of counter-radicalization, focusing on how such programs seek to
immunize people allegedly susceptible to radicalization by making them
“active citizens.” In contrast to the stated ambitions of these programs
and much scholarly work on prevention, we do not see counter-
radicalization by citizenship empowerment as a way of giving back power
to the communities where terrorism emerges. Rather, these programs
are set up to manage the self-image and behaviors of individuals per-
ceived as “risky,” which means that they operate by shaping subjects. [R,
abr.]
68.5613 ANDERL, Felix ; WALLMEIER, Philip — Modi der Kritik des
internationalen Regierens. Ein Plädoyer für immanente
Kritik (Modes of critiques in International Relations: the
case for immanent critique). Zeitschrift für internationale
Beziehungen 25(1), June 2018 : 65-89.
As the program of "critical IR" is becoming increasingly heterogeneous, the
critique of governing in the international is losing its shared sense of direc-
tion. In order to discuss how critique might regain a common purpose in a
plural and unequally globalized world, this essay describes different modes
of critique. To that end, we reconstruct a critique of international governing
from the body of IR-scholarship. Building on this reconstruction, we differ-
entiate between two types of approaches: the first type focuses on differ-
ences; the second attempts to resolve contradictions. While the difference-
based approaches criticize by explicating differences and by historicizing
the status quo, approaches that aim to resolve contradictions take a norma-
tive stand and promise emancipation. We argue that approaches attempt-
ing to resolve contradictions seem more amenable to collectively organized
processes of transformation. [R, abr.]
68.5614 ANDREWS, Sarah ; LEBLANG, David ; PANDYA, Sonal S.
— Ethnocentrism reduces foreign direct investment.
Journal of Politics 80(2), Apr. 2018 : 697-700.
The tension between global economic integration and ethnocentrism is a
growing political force across industrialized countries. We show that
ethnocentrism has direct economic costs. We exploit strong public
support for greenfield FDI to isolate ethnocentrism’s costs. Our analysis
Political science : method and theory
576
of US state greenfield FDI flows during 2004-2012 holds constant coun-
try-level factors that correlate with both ethnocentrism and propensity to
receive FDI. A 1 standard deviation increase in state ethnocentrism, as
manifest in anti-immigrant sentiment, corresponds to approximately $229
million less greenfield FDI and 180 fewer jobs per state-year on average.
Findings are robust to controls for state economic conditions, transac-
tions costs, existing FDI stock, demographics, and state partisanship.
These findings clarify the economic cost of ethnocentrism-based political
strategies and suggest that mass political sentiment constrains global
economic integration. [R]
68.5615 AREL-BUNDOCK, Vincent ; PELC, Krzysztof J. — When can
multiple imputation improve regression estimates? Politi-
cal Analysis 26(2), Apr. 2018 : 240-245.
Multiple imputation (MI) is often presented as an improvement over
listwise deletion (LWD) for regression estimation in the presence of
missing data. Against a common view, we demonstrate anew that the
complete case estimator can be unbiased, even if data are not missing
completely at random. As long as the analyst can control for the determi-
nants of missingness, MI offers no benefit over LWD for bias reduction in
regression analysis. We highlight the conditions under which MI is most
likely to improve the accuracy and precision of regression results, and
develop concrete guidelines that researchers can adopt to increase
transparency and promote confidence in their results. While MI remains
a useful approach in certain contexts, it is no panacea, and access to
imputation software does not absolve researchers of their responsibility
to know the data. [R]
68.5616 ARNESEN, Sveinung ; PETERS, Yvette — The legitimacy
of representation: how descriptive, formal, and respon-
siveness representation affect the acceptability of politi-
cal decisions. Comparative Political Studies 51(7), June
2018 : 868-899.
We examine how descriptive representation, formal representation, and
responsiveness affect the legitimacy of political decisions: who are the
representatives, how are they selected, what is the outcome of the
decision-making process, and to what extent do these three aspects
matter for decision acceptance among the citizens? We examine this
from the citizens’ perspective, and ask whether decisions are perceived
as more legitimate when they are made by groups that reflect society in
certain characteristics and chosen according to certain selection proce-
dures. In a Norwegian survey experiment, we find that people are more
willing to accept a decision when it is made by a group of people like
them, and who are assigned as decision-makers based on their exper-
tise. Descriptive representation also serves as a cushion for unfavorable
decisions. [R, abr.]
68.5617 ARTÉS, Joaquín ; JURADO, Ignacio — Government frag-
mentation and fiscal deficits: a regression discontinuity
approach. Public Choice 175(3-4), June 2018 : 367-391.
Some electoral systems favor strong single-party majority governments,
while others the formation of coalitions. Having one or the other is likely to
affect economic outcomes in ways that are unintended when the electoral
rules are approved. In this paper, we show that government fragmentation
has large fiscal implications. We also provide results that have a causal
interpretation. Using a panel of Spanish municipalities, along with a close-
elections regression discontinuity design, we find that single-party majori-
ties run budgets with a 1.5% point larger primary surplus than that of
coalitions. In addition, we show that lower deficits are driven mainly by
single-party majority governments’ capacity to raise more revenues. These
findings are robust to several model specifications. [R]
68.5618 ASENBAUM, Hans — Anonymity and democracy: ab-
sence as presence in the public sphere. American Political
Science Review 112(3), Aug. 2018 : 459-472.
Although anonymity is a central feature of liberal democracies, it has so
far not been conceptually grounded in democratic theory. Rather, it is
treated as a self-explanatory concept related to privacy. To overcome
this omission, this article develops a complex understanding of anonym-
ity in the context of democratic theory. Drawing upon the diverse litera-
ture on anonymity in political participation, it explains anonymity as a
highly context-dependent identity performance expressing private senti-
ments in the public sphere. The contradictory character of its core ele-
ments — identity negation and identity creation — results in three sets of
contradictory freedoms. Anonymity affords (a) inclusion and exclusion,
(b) subversion and submission, and (c) honesty and deception. This
contradictory character of anonymity's affordances illustrates the am-
biguous role of anonymity in democracy. [R, abr.]
68.5619 ATANASOSKI, Neda ; VORA, Kalindi, eds. — Postsocialist
politics and the ends of revolution. Social Identities 24(2),
March 2018 : 139-289.
Introduction by the editors, pp. 139-154. Articles by NGUYEN-VO Thu-
Huong and Grace Kyungwon HONG, "The grammar of failure: dispos-
session, mourning, and the afterlife of socialist futurities", pp. 155-172;
Nina LYKKE, "Rethinking socialist and Marxist legacies in feminist
imaginaries of protest from postsocialist perspectives", pp. 173-188; HA
Kyung Hee, "Cultural politics of transgressive living: socialism meets
neoliberalism in pro-North Korean schools in Japan", pp. 189-205; Erin
McELROY, "Postsocialism and the Tech Boom 2.0: techno-utopics of
racial/spatial dispossession", pp. 206-221; Jennifer MOGANNAM,
"Syria’s anti-imperialist mask: unveiling contradictions of the left through
anti-capitalist thought", pp. 222-237; Jonathan BELLER, "Preface to the
revolution: digital specters of communism and the expiration of politics",
pp. 238-254; LIU Xiao, "The travel of an iPhone: ineluctable connectivity,
networked precarity, and postsocialist politics", pp. 255-270; Julietta HUA
and Kasturi RAY, "Beyond the precariat: race, gender, and labor in the
taxi and Uber economy", pp. 271-289.
68.5620 AUST, Jérôme ; GOZLAN, Clémentine — Des instruments
contestés: émergence et effets de la critique des instru-
ments du gouvernement de la recherche en France
(1961-2015) (Contested instruments: The emergence and
influence of criticism on research governance instru-
ments in France, 1961-2015). Revue française de Science
politique 68(3), June 2018 : 493-514.
This article examines the debate that arose surrounding recent reforms
of research governance, and more specifically, regarding changes to
project funding and academic rankings. However, these reforms were
implemented for a rela tively long time before they began to be criticized:
how can we explain the lag between when these instruments were
created and the subsequent emergence of protest movements? Recipro-
cally, have critiques influenced the trajectory of these instruments, and if
so, to what extent? We demonstrate that the appearance of critiques and
their influence on policy instruments can be explained by contemporary
social movements and the transformations they produced in the policy
sphere. [R]
68.5621 BADANO, Gabriele ; NUTI, Alasia — Under pressure:
political liberalism, the rise of unreasonableness, and the
complexity of containment. Journal of Political Philosophy
26(2), June 2018 : 145-168.
Crucially, we have only been able to establish the fittingness of duty of
pressure for the containment of unaware unreasonable with partially
comprehensive doctrines, exemplified by the majority of the supporters
of right-wing populism, because we have highlighted that unreasonable-
ness is more complex than generally acknowledged and interacts in
unexplored ways with other Rawlsian notions, such as the distinction
between partially and fully comprehensive doctrines. Further research is
in order, to map the full variety of unreasonable persons and to identify
the most fitting containment strategies for those who differ from the type
explored in this article. [R]
68.5622 BADIE, Bertrand — Toward a theory of weakness politics:
does weakness rule the world? Global Society 32(2), Apr.
2018 : 139-148.
This article argues that the debate on “new wars” and “post-Westphalian”
wars and conflicts misses a crucial dimension, that of the importance of
weakness in the relations between states as well as between states and
non-state entities. Most analyses of war examine power relationships
between states as if power were an essential determinant of success or
failure in war. Recent wars, however, show that weakness can in fact
become a strength, that inequality is not so much a problem as an advan-
tage. The author suggests the need to rename and re-problematise “new
wars” as “new international conflicts” (NICs), for otherwise we miss the
fundamental reasons why “powers” are often defeated, or at least held at
bay by the “weakness” of their adversaries. [R, abr.]
68.5623 BAGG, Samuel — Can deliberation neutralise power?
European Journal of Political Theory 17(3), July 2018 : 257-
279.
Though not its only potential value, the capacity of deliberation to "neu-
tralize power" is often regarded as "fundamental" to deliberative th eory.
Power may be neutralized, according to many deliberative democrats, if
citizens can be induced to commit more fully to th e deliberative resolu-
tion of common problems. If they do, they will be unable to get away with
inconsistencies and bad or private reasons, thereby mitigating the ille-
gitimate influence of power. I argue, however, that the means by which
power inflects political disagreement is far more subtle than this model
suggests and cannot be countered so simply. As a wealth of recent
research in political psychology demonstrates, human beings persistently
exhibit "motivated reasoning", meaning that even when we are sincerely
committed to the deliberative resolution of common problems, and even
when we are exposed to the same reasons and evidence, we still dis-
agree strongly about what "fair cooperation" entails. [R, abr.]
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68.5624 BALLARD-ROSA, Cameron ; CARNEGIE, Allison ; GAIK-
WAD, Nikhar — Economic crises and trade policy compe-
tition. British Journal of Political Science 48(3), July 2018 :
713-748.
This article reconciles starkly diverging accounts in the literature by
showing that economic adversity generates endogenou s incentives not
only for protection, but also for liberalization. It first formally develops the
mechanisms by which two features of shocks — intensity and duration —
influence the resources and political strategies of distressed firms. The
central insight is that policy adjustments to resuscitate afflicted industries
typically generate "knock-on" effects on the profitability and political
maneuverings of other firms in the economy. In the wake of crises,
protection initially increases when affected firms lobby for assistance, but
then decreases as industries run low on resources to expend on lobbying
and as firms in other industries mobilize to counter-lobby. The theoretical
predictions are tested using sub-national and cross-national data, and
real-world illustrations are presented to highlight the mechanisms driving
the results. [R, abr.]
68.5625 BALLON, Paola — A structural equation model of female
empowerment. Journal of Development Studies 54(8), Aug.
2018 : 1303-1320.
This paper proposes a structural equation model to measure and explain
female empowerment in Cambodia. Empowerment is defined as the
decision-making ability of a woman regarding her strategic and non-
strategic life choices. Grounded in the Capability Approach and in the
gender economics literature this conceptualization accounts for three key
elements: resources, values/traditions, and decision-outcomes. These
elements interact into a system of structural equations where a latent
variable is specified to measure empowerment; decision-outcomes enter
as partial metrics of empowerment; and resources, and values/traditions
are modeled as exogenous factors. Stochastic dominance analysis is
used to compare the empowerment status of women across life choices.
[R] [See Abstr. 68.5626]
68.5626 BALLON, Paola ; YALONETZKY, Gaston — Quantitative
approaches to the measurement and analysis of female
empowerment and agency. Journal of Development Studies
54(8), Aug. 2018 : 1279-1283.
This special issue presents four novel applications of quantitative meth-
ods to address measurement and analytical issues in the appraisal of
female empowerment and agency. The methods presented comprise
mixed methods, dominance analysis and structural equation models. The
use of these methods is illustrated with empirical applications in Cambo-
dia, India, Mali, and Turkey. [R] [Introduction to special issue of the same
title, edited by the authors. See also Abstr. 68.5625, 6703, 6755, 6832]
68.5627 BARDON, Aurélia — Culture, neutrality and minority
rights. European Journal of Political Theory 17(3), July
2018 : 364-374.
Alan Patten’s Equal Recognition [The Moral Foundations of M inority
Rights, Princeton U.P., 2014] offers a new and powerful argument to
support the "strong cultural rights thesis". Unlike other culturalist argu-
ments, his argument is not based on a problematic and essentialist
conception of culture but on a particular understanding of liberal neutral-
ity as fair treatment and equal recognition. What justifies the existence of
such rights is not culture itself but what culture means for people and the
negative consequences it can have for them when they form a cultural
minority. Patten’s argument, however, faces another challenge: I argue
that culture and neutrality cannot be fully reconciled, and that, ultim ately,
the concept of culture might not be playing any significant role in his
argument for minority rights. [R]
68.5628 BARNES, Lucy, et al. — Information, knowledge, and
attitudes: an evaluation of the taxpayer receipt. Journal of
Politics 80(2), Apr. 2018 : 701-706.
To better understand the relationship between information and political
knowledge, we evaluate an ambitious government initiative: the natio n-
wide dissemination of “taxpayer receipts,” or personalized, itemized
accounts of government spending, by the UK government in fall 2014. In
coordination with the British tax authorities, we embedded a survey
experiment in a nationally representative panel. We find that citizens
became more knowledgeable about government spending because of
our encouragement to read their receipt. Although baseline levels of
political knowledge are indeed low, our findings indicate that individuals
are capable of learning and retaining complex political information.
However, even as citizens became more knowledgeable, we uncover no
evidence that their attitudes toward government and redistribution
changed concomitantly. The acquisition and retention of new information
does not necessarily change attitudes. [R, abr.]
68.5629 BARR, Kasey ; MINTZ, Alex — Public policy perspective
on group decision making dynamics in foreign policy.
Policy Studies Journal 46, Suppl. 1, 2018 : 69-90.
Research on decision-making in foreign policy and national security has
had little interaction with the field of public policy. This review connects
the two fields. We utilize a key public policy concept, the policy cycle, to
provide a framework for our review of group decision-making dynamics
in national security and foreign policy. We describe key stages of the
policy cycle followed by a review of the leading models of group deci-
sion-making dynamics. We then construct a bridge between the two,
demonstrating how specific stages of the policy cycle are typically asso-
ciated with specific group decision-making dynamics. To illustrate this
link we provide an example of decision-making dynamics within the [US
President] B. Obama administration throughout policy stages of the 2016
campaign against the Islamic State in Raqqa, Syria. [R] [See Abstr.
68.5638]
68.5630 BATTEAU, Jesseka ; PRINCEN, Sebastiaan ; RIGNEY, Ann
— Lessons from the past? Cultural memory in Dutch in-
tegration policy. European Journal of Political Research
57(3), Aug. 2018 : 740-758.
This article explores the contribution that cultural memory studies can
make to the debate about the role of ideas and the dynamics of idea-
tional change in policy-making. Cultural memory studies analyse how
shared images of the past are mediated and transferred across distance
and time. Such research shows how the past may continue to influence
the present by informing the frameworks through which groups and
individuals interpret and give meaning to events and phenomena. Since
policy-makers operate within a cultural context, shared memories are
likely also to affect the way they think about the nature and roots of
policy issues and the appropriateness and feasibility of policy options.
The role of cultural memory among policy-makers is studied with refer-
ence to Dutch integration policies in two periods: the mid 1990s and the
early 2000s. [R, abr.]
68.5631 BAUDEWYNS, Pierre, et al. — Teaching political science
with a MOOC: analysing the supply side and the demand
side. European Political Science 17(2), June 2018 : 276-295.
Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been considered by some
observers as a powerful opportunity to improve distant learning. The
Université Catholique de Louvain was the first Belgian university to
deliver a political science MOOC (Louv3x) in French, entitled "Discover-
ing political science" ("Découvrir la science politique"). This paper ex-
plores the challenges a pedagogical team faces when transforming a
"traditional" political science introductory course into a MOOC. The paper
also explores how the use of a MOOC might impact the learning out-
come within on-campus and worldwide students. [R]
68.5632 BEEHNER, Lionel — Fragile states and the territory co-
nundrum to countering violent nonstate actors. Democ-
racy and Security 14(2), Apr.-June 2018 : 101-127.
The concept of controlling territorial space informs Western conventions
of counterinsurgency and counterterrorism. The Islamic State surprised
the West when it recently captured dozens of cities across Iraq and
Syria. Eradicating failed states and ungoverned territories vis-à-vis more
robust state-building also forms the backbone of US efforts to reduce
violence, provide order, and build stronger societies. I argue that clearing
territory, while importan t, should be selectively employed. Greater state-
ness does not always correlate with reductions in violence, and con-
versely not all “ungoverned spaces” are terrorist safe havens. A number
of these areas are natural, if non-integrated, parts of the international
system. Second, I posit that state-building can have its own negative
externalities, such as pushing non-state actors across state borders and
thereby externalizing internal conflicts. [R, abr.]
68.5633 BEL, Germà ; HEBDON, Robert ; WARNER, Mildred —
Beyond privatisation and cost savings: alternatives for
local government reform. Local Government Studies 44(2),
Apr. 2018 : 173-182.
Unsatisfactory results from privatization have caused local governments
to seek alternativ e reforms. Inter-municipal cooperation, mixed pub-
lic/private delivery and contract reversals are three alternatives that have
gained traction in the last decade. These alternatives help local govern-
ments manage markets for public service delivery as a dynamic process.
They maximize government/market complementarities and address a
wider array of public goals beyond cost efficiency concerns. The alterna-
tive reforms show how local governments balance citizen, labor and
community interests to ensure efficiency, coordination and stability in
public service delivery. [R]
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