I Political Science : Method and Theory / Science Politique : Méthodes et Théories
| Published date | 01 October 2019 |
| DOI | 10.1177/0020834519880799 |
| Date | 01 October 2019 |
| Subject Matter | Abstracts |
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I
POLITICAL SCIENCE : METHOD AND THEORY
SCIENCE POLITIQUE : MÉTHODES ET THÉORIES
69.5843 ABOU-CHADI, Tarik ; IMMERGUT, Ellen M. — Recalibrat-
ing social protection: electoral competition and the new
partisan politics of the welfare state. European Journal of
Political Research 58(2), May 2019 : 697-719.
This article argues that welfare state politics are no longer just about
more or less, but involve trade-offs among “new” versus “old” social
rights, and hence social investment versus social consumption. Howev-
er, party priorities on these issues are highly dependent upon their
electoral situation. As electoral competition becomes more intense,
parties focus more on vote maximization than on their traditional policy
goals. For left parties, this means focusing more on social investment,
which appeals to their growing constituency of progressive sociocultural
professionals, and less on defending the traditional income-maintenance
programs favored by their core blue-collar voters. Centre-right parties, on
the other hand, should hesitate to retrench old social rights when elec-
toral competition intensifies because they need to prioritize their appeal
to culturally conservative working-class voters over their traditional
fiscally conservative policy profiles. [R, abr.]
69.5844 ABOULTAIF, Eduardo Wassim — Ethnurgy, mobilisation,
memory and trauma in consociational systems. Nations
and Nationalism 25(2), Apr. 2019 : 564-586.
I study three characteristics of deeply divided societies that hinder
consociationalism: ethnurgy (politicization of ethnic identities), mobiliza-
tion, memory and trauma. My argument is that consociational practices
may be hampered by non-structural elements, which is a break-away
from the classical study of consociationalism which focuses on institu-
tional functions and external actors. By studying consociationalism from
this new dimension, I intend to show that internal factors are critical in
understanding the threats and pressure of any consociational arrange-
ment, in an attempt to create better power-sharing arrangements and/or
improve the existing consociational provisions in deeply divided socie-
ties. [R]
69.5845 ADAM, Antonis ; TSARSITALIDOU, Sofia — Do sanctions
lead to a decline in civil liberties? Public Choice 180(3-4),
Sept. 2019 : 191-215.
We examine the effect of US-imposed sanctions on the civil liberties of
the targeted countries for the 1972-2014 period. To deal with the prob-
lem of selection and to control for the pre-sanction dynamics, we use a
potential outcomes framework, which does not rely on the selection of
matching variables and has the further advantage of uncovering the
effect of the treatment on the outcome variable over time. What we find
is that sanctions result in a decline in civil liberties, measured either by
the Freedom House civil liberties index or by the D. L. Cingranelli and D.
L. Richards empowerment rights index [“The Cingranelli and Richards
(CIRI) human rights data project, Human Rights Quarterly 32(2), 2010:
401-424]. The results are robust across various specifications. [R]
69.5846 AGERBERG, Mattias — The curse of knowledge? Educa-
tion, corruption, and politics. Political Behavior 41(2),
2019 : 369-399.
Education has consistently been found to be positively related to political
participation, electoral turnout, civic engagement, political knowledge,
and democratic attitudes and opinions. Previous research has, however,
not sufficiently acknowledged the large existing between- and within-
country variations in institutional quality when studying this relationship.
This study asks the question: how do highly educated, well-informed,
and critical citizens react to a political system with low-quality institutions;
a system with high levels of corruption? Researchers have in recent
years started to acknowledge corruption as a relevant factor in explaining
democratic attitudes and behavior. However, how corruption interacts
with individual characteristics in shaping political behavior is largely
unexplored in the literature. This paper focuses on the interaction be-
tween corruption and education with regard to different political attitudes
and democratic behavior. [R, abr.]
69.5847 AKIN, Arkan ; BANFI, Elisa — Depoliticizing integration
through statistical indicators. Journal of Political Power
12(1), 2019 : 86-103.
The concept of integration plays an increasingly important role in West-
ern societies, which is accompanied by a similar increase in statistical
indicators designed to measure the policies that shape integration. In this
paper, we critically examine one such system of measurement: the
Swiss Federal Office of Statistics’ Indicators of Integration. We use an
interpretative methodology to analyze the political and conceptual con-
struction of a quantitative policy-tool. As such, we provide an innovative
and theory-based approach to analyzing statistical policy-tools more
widely. [R]
69.5848 AKLIN, Michaël ; KERN, Andreas — Moral hazard and
financial crises: evidence from American troop deploy-
ments. International Studies Qu arterly 63(1), March 2019 :
15-29.
We use the number of American troops hosted by third countries to
measure the strength of American commitment to ensuring the countries’
economic health. We test several hypotheses against a dataset covering
about sixty-eight countries between 1960 and 2009. Using evidence from
fixed-effects and instrumental-variable models, we find that increasing
the number of US troops by one standard deviation above the mean
raises the probability of a financial crisis in the host country by up to 13
percentage points. We also investigate the channels through which
moral hazard materializes. Countries with more US troops conduct more
expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, implement riskier financial
regulations, and receive more capital, especially from US banks. [R, abr.]
69.5849 ALARCÓN, Pau, et al. — The effects of economic crises
on participatory democracy. Policy and Politics 47(2), Apr.
2019 : 265-286.
This paper examines the impact of economic conditions on participatory
democracy. It analyses whether economic crises affect the types of
proposals that emerge from local participatory processes and the fate of
these proposals. Focusing on more than 500 proposals that emerged
from 34 participatory processes in Spain between 2007 and 2011, our
study covers a period which straddles the emergence of severe econom-
ic problems resulting from the global financial crisis. Applying four differ-
ent but complementary analytical strategies, we find two types of effects.
First, proposals made during the crisis period were less costly though
more challenging. Second, local governments implemented a smaller
proportion of the proposals that were put forward by the public. [R, abr.]
69.5850 ALBERTSEN, Andreas — Markets, distributive justice and
community: the egalitarian ethos of G. A. Cohen. Political
Research Quarterly 72(2), June 2019 : 376-398.
While markets are widely lauded as efficient and attractive allocation
mechanisms, their moral limits remain a source of controversy. The
writings of G. A. Cohen provide an important contribution to this debate.
Cohen offers two critiques of the market. One is a distributive critique,
which maintains that markets fail in eliminating the influence of differen-
tial luck on people’s lives. The other is a community critique, maintaining
that market relations fall short of a community of mutual caring. These
critiques differ in important ways from critiques developed by D. Satz
[Why Some Things Should Not Be for Sale: The Moral Limits of Markets,
Oxford U. P., 2010] and M. J. Sandel [What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral
Limits of Markets, Penguin Books, 2013], and suggest a need to assess
markets beyond desperate exchanges and the adverse effects of incen-
tives. Cohen’s work also points to how we can realize distributive justice
and community. [R, abr.]
69.5851 ALDRICH, Richard J. ; MORAN, Christopher R. — "Delayed
disclosure": national security, whistle-blowers and the
nature of secrecy. Political Studies 67(2), May 2019 : 291-
306.
While the ethical aspects of state secrets and ‘whistle-blowing’ have
received recent attention, few have attempted to explain the dynamics of
this growing climate of exposure. Our argument is largely technological
and we ground our analysis in the changing nature of intelligence work,
which is increasingly merging with ‘big data’. But we also identify a
related cultural change: many intelligence contractors are at best agnos-
tic abo ut the national security state. Meanwhile, the internet itself pro-
vides the perfect medium for the anonymous degradation of secrets.
Because the main driver is technology, we suggest this trend is likely to
accelerate, presenting national security chiefs with one of their biggest
future challenges. [R, abr.]
Political science : method and theory
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69.5852 ALVAREZ, R. Michael — Paying attention to inattentive
survey respondents. Political Analysis 27(2), Apr. 2019 :
145-162.
Using data from a recent online survey that identified inattentive re-
spondents using instructed-response items, we demonstrate that ignor-
ing attentiveness provides a biased portrait of the distribution of critical
political attitudes and behavior. We show that this bias occurs in the
context of both typical closed-ended questions and in list experiments.
Inattentive respondents are common and are more prevalent among the
young and less educated. Those who do not pass the trap questions
interact with the survey instrument in distinctive ways: they take less time
to respond; are more likely to report non-attitudes; and display lower
consistency in their reported choices. Inattentiveness does not occur
completely at random and failing to properly account for it may lead to
inaccurate estimates of the prevalence of key political attitudes and
behaviors, of both sensitive and more prosaic nature. [R, abr.]
69.5853 AMICO, Daniel J. D’ ; WILLIAMSON, Claudia R. — An
empirical examination of institutions and cross-country
incarceration rates. Public Choice 180(3-4), Sept. 2019 :
217-242.
Research converges upon institutional explanations for why some coun-
tries incarcerate more prisoners than others. The types of institutions that
are particularly important are less well understood. This paper investi-
gates empirically the associations between economic, political and legal
institutions and incarceration rates in a large cross-section of countries.
Using data from 2001 to 2011, we find that countries with smaller prison
populations have civil legal origins and fewer years under communism.
Our findings also suggest that economic institutions and other economic
factors related to economic performance do not correlate with incarcera-
tion rates. Collectively, the results indicate that institutions cannot be
considered in isolation, but need to be examined simultaneously, with a
focus on historical, political and legal factors. [R]
69.5854 AMIN, Adnan Z. — La transition énergétique dans les
décennies à venir (Possible energy transitions through
2029). Politique étrangère 84(1), 2019 : 83-93.
Renewable energies are experiencing rapid growth, due not only to their
limited impact on the environment but also to shrinking costs. To fight
climate change, new investments in low carbon technologies are neces-
sary. Apart from its positive aspects, the energy transition carries risks,
notably geopolitical. The notion of energy security will be profoundly
modified. These risks can be anticipated and managed. [R] [See Abstr.
69.6676]
69.5855 ANCKAR, Carsten — Global patterns of regime change
1800-2015. Political Science 70(3), Oct. 2018 : 207-223.
The aim of the present study is to provide an answer to the question of
whether certain authoritarian regimes are more stable than others.
Whereas previous studies regarding autocratic regime stability have
covered, at most, the period after the Second World War, the present
study extends over the period 1800-2015. Results indicate that personal-
ist and military regimes are the most fragile authoritarian regime types,
whereas absolute monarchy is the most stable one. Single-party sys-
tems, too, are stable, but the stability of the single-party system is largely
confined to the Cold War era. Regarding prospects for democratic
transformations, results show that personalist, military and multi-party
authoritarian regimes are more likely than other regime types to trans-
form into a democratic regime. [R, abr.]
69.5856 ANCKAR, Carsten ; FREDRIKSSON, Cecilia — Classifying
political regimes 1800-2016: a typology and a new da-
taset. European Political Science 18(1), March 2019 : 84-96.
We introduce a classification scheme where we decompose democra-
cies and autocracies into several categories. Based on this classification
scheme, we create a global dat aset covering the time period 1800-2016.
In the dataset, we make yearly observations for all countries that have
been independent at any point in time since the Second World War.
Regarding democracies, we first distinguish between republics and
monarchies. We then split the category of republics into presidential,
semi-presidential, and parliamentary systems. Within the category of
monarchies, almost all systems are parliamentary, but a few countries
are conferred to the category semi-monarchies. We classify autocratic
countries into the following main categories: absolute monarchy, military
rule, party-based rule, personalist rule, and oligarchy. Within the catego-
ries party-based rule and oligarchy, we also identify a number of subcat-
egories. [R, abr.]
69.5857 ARAÚJO, Maria L. — Selfless and strategic, interpersonal
and institutional: a continuum of paradoxical organiza-
tional compassion dimensions. Journal of Political Power
12(1), 2019 : 16-39.
We asked 32 professionals what organizational compassion is to them.
Analysis of the responses revealed four conflicting, if not paradoxical,
dimensions. With insight from Habermas’s theory of “communicative
action”, we paired these dimensions as two lifeworld/system couples: (1)
selfless compassion (lifeworld) and strategic compassion (system), as
well as (2) interpersonal compassion (lifeworld) and institutional compas-
sion (system). While the colonization of the lifeworld by system dimen-
sions is a legitimate Habermasian concern, our analysis highlights the
potential for system to magnify the power of compassion beyond life-
world contexts, leveraging and transcending lifeworld/system tensions,
aided by dialogue as “communicative action”. [R]
69.5858 ARORA, Bela — Teaching cyber security to non-tech
students. Politics 39(2), May 2019 : 252-265.
The majority of cyber-security education and training has been based in
computer science departments, but we are now seeing the agenda
filtering into the political science and international studies curr iculum.
There exists a challenge in presenting the topic in a non-technical and
engaging way. This article explores the use of Hydra Minerva environ-
ment, commonly used in Police Sciences, to facilitate simulations that
bring to life the challenges of incident-management while enhancing the
employability skills of the students. Hydra Minerva facilities offer an
alternative to traditional classroom simulations and computer-assisted
scenarios that can be invaluable across the curriculum. [R]
69.5859 ASHWORTH, Scott ; SASSO, Greg — Delegation to an
overconfident expert. Journal of Politics 81(2), Apr. 2019 :
692-696.
Policy-makers often delegate partial decision-making authority to ex-
perts. Although monetary transfers can align an expert’s policy choices
with the decision-maker’s preferences, such transfers are typically not
observed in practice. We analyze delegation in a principal-agent model,
allowing transfers. The policy-maker and expert have identical prefer-
ences over state-contingent policy but disagree over the accuracy of the
expert’s information. Specifically, the policy-maker believes the expert is
overconfident in the precision of the signal he receives about the state of
the world. The optimal mechanism is a delegation interval, and transfers
are not used. [R]
69.5860 AYDOGAN, Abdullah — Constitutional foundations of
military coups. Political Science Quarterly 134(1), Spring
2019 : 85-116.
The author argues that military coups are less likely to occur in countries
with parliamentary systems. In these countries, he claims, military elites
seeking to remove chief executives often select other strategies, such as
threatening legislators. [R]
69.5861 BAILEY, David J. ; SHIBATA, Saori — Austerity and anti-
austerity: the political economy of refusal in “low re-
sistance” models of capitalism. British Journal of Political
Science 49(2), Apr. 2019 : 683-709.
This article explores acts of refusal that obstruct attempts to impose
austerity measures on advanced industrial democracies. It thereby
complements a literature that has thus far focused far more upon the
(apparently unobstructed) imposition of austerity. It uses two typically
“low-resistance” countries — Japan and the UK — as least-likely cases
and finds that austerity is rarely uncontested. Using fuzzy set Qualitative
Comparative Analysis, it highlights the “causal recipes” sufficient for both
(1) anti-austerity activity to have a significant impact on austerity pro-
posals and (2) the smooth (unobstructed) imposition of austerity. The
politics of austerity is shown to be better understood as an iterative
interaction between proposals for austerity and the acts of refusal they
encounter. [R, abr.]
69.5862 BAKALOV, Ivan — Whither soft power? Division, mile-
stones, and prospects of a research programme in the
making. Journal of Political Power 12(1), 2019 : 129-151.
The rapid expansion of soft-power scholarship has made its central
concept one of the most recognizable terms in the discipline of interna-
tional relations. Yet the increased attention has not spurred the resolu-
tion of the underlying conceptual issues. Instead, soft-power scholarship
has drifted into separate streams: concept-driven and case-centered
studies. The emerging divide impedes the healthy exchange that holds
the key to a more resonant impact on the field of international relations.
This article seeks to bridge the gap by revealing the common ground
where both the unresolved problems and the conceptual achievements
of the nascent research program have their roots. [R]
69.5863 BALZACQ, Thierry — Securitization theory: past, present,
and future. Polity 51(2), Apr. 2019 : 331-348.
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