I Political Science: Method and Theory Science Politique: Méthodes et Théories
| Published date | 01 August 2018 |
| DOI | 10.1177/002083451806800401 |
| Date | 01 August 2018 |
| Subject Matter | Abstract |
I
POLITICAL SCIENCE : METHOD AND THEORY
SCIENCE POLITIQUE : MÉTHODES ET THÉORIES
68.4611
AHLQUIST, John S. — Labor unions, political representa-
of natural resources on society by expanding the scope of inquiry to
tion, and economic inequality. Annual Review of Political
explore different types of resource wealth (oil and minerals) as well as
Science 20, 2017 : 409-432.
other dimensions of political life (protest). Utilising a global dataset for
Decades of research across several disciplines have produced substan-
the period 1950-2006, we test the impact of resource wealth on mobilisa-
tion. We find that while oil wealth demobilises citizens in all regime types,
tial evidence that labor unions, on balance, reduce economic disparities.
mineral wealth strongly correlates with higher levels of mobilisation in
But unions are complicated, multifaceted organizations straddling mar-
democracies, though not in autocracies. [R, abr.]
kets and politics. Much of their equality-promoting influence occurs
through their ability to reduce class-based inequity in politics and public
policy. Declining unionization across much of the developed world is
68.4616
ART, Robert J. ; GREENHILL, Kelly M. — The power and
eroding workers’ bargaining power. Reduced economic leverage puts
limits of compellence: a research note. Political Science
pressure on union solidarity and weakens labor-based political move-
Quarterly 133(1), Spring 2018 : 77-98.
ments. Important research design problems and significant heterogeneity
The authors offer a comprehensive review of the scholarly literature on
across unions, regions, countries, and time imply a continued need for
compellence. They highlight the findings that could be of use to contem-
more work. [R]
porary policymakers and identify gaps that inhibit a comprehensive
understanding of the dynamics of compellence. [R]
68.4612
AKRAM, Sadiya — Representative bureaucracy and
unconscious bias: exploring the unconscious dimension
68.4617
AUSTIN, Jonathan Luke ; BEAULIEU-BROSSARD, Philippe
of active representation. Public Administration 96(1),
— (De)securitisation dilemmas: theorising the simulta-
2018 : 119-133.
neous enaction of securitisation and desecuritisation.
Representative bureaucracy theory explores the effects of representation
Review of International Studies 44(2), Apr. 2018 : 301-323.
on bureaucracies, but less attention has been paid to date as to how
This article theorizes the simultaneous enaction of securitizing and
agents represent values or interests. Addressing this omission, this
desecuritizing moves. It argues that the frequent simultaneity of these
article highlights the unconscious dimension of active representation
two processes, which are normally considered mutually exclusive within
and, more specifically, the role of unconscious bias in representation.
Securitization Theory (ST), has previously gone unnoticed given a set of
Unconscious bias has received limited attention to date in public admini-
methodological, temporal, and ontological biases that have developed
stration, but has clear relevance for understanding how representation
within ST. Demonstrating how these biases can be overcome — and
occurs at the individual level. This article proposes a framework for
even reconciled with the seminal texts of ST — by drawing on work from
understanding unconscious bias. Drawing on Bourdieu's habitus, but
within social theory and elsewhere, we argue that the frequent simultane-
making explicit its unconscious dimension, I argue that unconscious bias
ity of (de)securitizing moves most urgently requires us to reconsider the
enhances our understanding of how active representation occurs in
normative status of desecuritization within ST. Although desecuritization
bureaucracies today. The article applies these insights to the case of
has traditionally been viewed as normatively positive, we argue that its
unconscious gender bias as found in the Australian Public Service
temporally immanent enaction alongside securitizing moves might
(APS). [R, abr.]
introduce more violence into security politics and, in fact, exacerbate
protracted conflicts. [R, abr.]
68.4613
ANSTEAD, Nick — The idea of austerity in British politics,
2003-2013. Political Studies 66(2), May 2018 : 287-305.
68.4618
BAELE, Stephane J. ; COAN, Travis G. ; STERCK, Olivier C.
— Security through numbers? Experimentally assessing
Employing a dataset of 1843 think tank publications containing 37 million
the impact of numerical arguments in security communi-
words, computer-assisted text analysis was used to examine the idea of
cation. British Journal of Politics and International Relations
austerity in British politics between 2003 and 2013. Theoretically, the
20(2), May 2018 : 459-476.
article builds on the ideational turn in political research. However, in
contrast to much ideational work which argues that ideas are important
Numerical arguments are increasingly present in security communication
at times of crisis because they can address uncertainty, this article
and are widely assumed to possess a distinct capacity to make an
argues that moments of crisis can lead to the reformulation of ideas.
argument convincing, thereby contributing to the dynamics of securitiza-
Empirically, this article demonstrates the transformation of the idea of
tion. Yet, does the inclusion of numbers really enhance the strength of
austerity. Prior to the 2008 financial crisis, austerity was largely under-
rhetorical attempts to convince an audience that something or someone
stood either in historical terms or as a practice applied in other countries.
is a security problem? We examine this question by developing an
In the aftermath of the crisis, both the political right and left attempted to
experimental design that connects cognitive theories of information
co-opt the idea of austerity for their own ends, combining it with various
processing with theories of security and risk communication. Contrary to
other ideational strands on which they have historically drawn. [R]
a widely shared view, our results suggest that numbers do not have a
direct, unambiguous, or unconditional impact on the strength of security
rhetoric. Quantitative information only enhances direct attempts to
68.4614
ARADAU, Claudia ; BLANKE, Tobias — Governing others:
securitize issues under very specific circumstances and, even in these
anomaly and the algorithmic subject of security. Euro-
cases, has ambiguous effects. [R, abr.]
pean Journal of International Security 3(1), Feb. 2018 : 1-21.
As digital technologies and algorithmic rationalities have increasingly
68.4619
BALMAS, Meital — Tell me who is your leader, and I will
reconfigured security practices, critical scholars have drawn attention to
tell you who you are: foreign leaders’ perceived person-
their performative effects on the temporality of law, notions of rights, and
ality and public attitudes toward their countries and citi-
understandings of subjectivity. This article proposes to explore how the
zenry. American Journal of Political Science 62(2), Apr.
‘other’ is made knowable in massive amounts of data and how the
2018 : 499-514.
boundary between self and other is drawn algorithmically. It argues that
algorithmic security practices and Big Data technologies have trans-
The increasing visibility of prominent political leaders in news media is
formed self/other relations. Rather than the enemy or the risky abnormal,
wel documented in political science literature. The main concern that
the ‘other’ is algorithmically produced as anomaly. Although anomaly has
has been raised in this connection is that the complexity of political
often been used interchangeably with abnormality and pathology, a brief
processes is being reduced to achievements and standpoints of individ-
genealogical reading of the concept shows that it works as a supplemen-
ual politicians, and the importance of rational opinion building is dis-
tary term, which reconfigures the dichotomies of normality/abnormality,
counted. The results of the current study provide the first empirical
friend/enemy, and identity/difference. [R, abr.]
evidence to account for the misgivings about emotional effects of per-
sonalized political information on media audiences. Using data from an
online experiment, this study shows that news coverage regarding
68.4615
ARCE, Moises, et al. — Resource wealth, democracy and
behaviors and personal characteristics of a foreign leader influences (1)
mobilisation. Journal of Development Studies 54(6), June
evaluations of personal characteristics typical of his or her nation's
2018 : 949-967.
citizens and (2) emotional perceptions of that leader's country (sentiment
and respect). [R, abr.]
The impact of resource wealth on society remains highly contested in the
literature. Some perspectives suggest that resource wealth is associated
with political apathy, while others indicate that resource wealth fosters
68.4620
BARBERIA, Lorena Guadalupe ; BARBOZA, Danilo
violent civil conflicts. We leverage these seemingly contradictory impacts
Praxedes ; GODOY, Samuel Ralize — Expert-driven and ci-
469
Political science : method and theory
tational approaches to assessing journal publications of
investment (FDI) positions, and longitudinal data on bilateral FDI flows.
Brazilian political scientists. ...
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