I Political Science : Method and Theory / Science Politique : Méthodes et Théories
| Published date | 01 October 2022 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00208345221131606 |
| Date | 01 October 2022 |
641
I
POLITICAL SCIENCE : METHOD AND THEORY
SCIENCE POLITIQUE : MÉTHODES ET THÉORIES
72.5796 6 [SIX], Perri — Robust, resilient, agile and improvisatory
styles in policymaking: the social organisation of anom-
aly, risk and policy decay. Policy and Politics 50(2), Apr.
2022 : 161-179.
This theory development article employs neo-Durkheimian institutional
theory to present a fresh understanding of policy styles in the policy pro-
cess. Calls for resilient, robust, agile and improvisatory policymaking are
not readily compatible with each other. Each of these styles carries risks
and each generates anomalies. Each tends to decay over time. Govern-
ments should therefore expect risks of inconsistency and decay in policy-
making shaped by these styles. The article argues that these styles, and
their risks and tensions, and the trajectories of their decay all arise from
the contrasting forms of informal social organisation among policymakers
in which they are cultivated. These forms of social organisation give rise
to distinct types of bounded rationality, which shape decision-making dif-
ferently in each ordering. [R]
72.5797 ADAM, Christian, et al. — On democratic intelligence and
failure: the vice and virtue of incrementalism under polit-
ical fragmentation and policy accumulation. Governance
35(2), Apr. 2022 : 525-543.
The vice and virtue of incrementalism have been the subject of a long-
standing academic debate. This debate, however, lacks a dynamic per-
spective that analyzes how the transformation of politics — mainly in the
form of increasing levels of political fragmentation within decision-making
arenas and increasing complexity of policy-mixes — affects the role of
incrementalism. We argue that both of these trends make the virtues of
incrementalism politically even more valuable than they have always
been. At the same time, this proliferation of incrementalism comes at the
costs of overlooked second-order effects. Since the empirical reality of
incrementalism is primarily one that results in incremental policy accumu-
lation, it continuously adds implementation burdens, enhances the de-
mandingness of substantive policy debate, and makes effective science
communication more difficult. [R, abr.]
72.5798 AKOTO, William — Accountability and cyber conflict: ex-
amining institutional constraints on the use of cyber
proxies. Conflict Management and Peace Science 39(3),
May 2022 : 311-332.
As state-sponsored cyber operations have proliferated, some states are
outsourcing these operations to non-state cyber proxies. However, given
the relative ease of outsourcing cyber operations, it is puzzling why more
states are not engaged in this practice. I examine how domestic account-
ability institutions potentially explain this restraint in the use of cyber prox-
ies. I argue that in cases where the incumbent is likely to be held to ac-
count for cyber operations, there is restraint in the use of proxies. More-
over, I distinguish vertical from horizontal accountability and argue that
because vertical accountability mechanisms directly threaten the tenure
of the incumbent if outsourced cyber operations go wrong, it has a greater
constraining effect relative to horizontal accountability. [R, abr.]
72.5799 ALLARD-TREMBLAY, Yann — Braiding liberation dis-
courses: dialectical, civic and disjunctive views about re-
sistance and violence. Canadian Journal of Political Science
55(2), June 2022 : 259-278.
This article puts three discourses about resistance and violence, coming
from two distinct settler colonial contexts, in conversation, to highlight a
distinctive theory of change associated with contemporary Indigenous
movements. The first, from South Africa, can be seen in the writings of
Nelson Mandela. It offers a dialectical view of resistance, where the op-
pressor sets the terms of the confrontation and where violence is allowa-
ble in the pursuit of change. The second discourse can be seen in the
writings of James Tully and offers a theoretical bridge between the first
and the third. It focuses on civic citizenship as a nonviolent engagement
with terms of governance. The third can be seen in the writings of Indig-
enous theorists whose work focuses on resurgence. [R, abr.]
72.5800 ALLEN, Kye J. — An anarchical society (of fascist states):
theorising illiberal solidarism. Review of International Stud-
ies 48(3), July 2022 : 583-603.
While scholars within the English School have increasingly approached
the traditionally liberal concept of solidarism in a normatively agnostic
fashion, the idea of an ‘illiberal solidarism’ and historical manifestations
thereof remain underexplored. One notable case in point surrounds the
peculiar body of Italian interwar international thought, herein referred to
as ‘international Fascism’. By discerning a synchronic outline of interna-
tional Fascism, alongside the manner by which this project mutated and
ultimately failed as it transformed from a vision theorised in the abstract
to a practical initiative under the auspices of the Fascist regime, this arti-
cle offers historical and theoretical insights into the realisability of illiberal
forms of solidarism. Combining this historical account with th eoretical in-
sights derived from Reus-Smit's study on international order under con-
ditions of cultural diversity, this article argues that the realisation of some
form of solidarism necessitates the acceptance of a substantive pluralist
component. [R, abr.]
72.5801 ALTMANN, Thomas ; GIERSCH, Jason — Sanctioned ter-
ror: economic sanctions and more effective terrorism. In-
ternational Politics 59(2), Apr. 2022 : 383-397.
The literature on unintended consequences of economic sanctions is well
developed, but few studies have addressed terrorism in target states, and
none have assessed whether that terrorism becomes more effective
when sanctions are in place. In this study, we test whether economic
sanctions lead to an increase in the lethality of terrorism. Using data from
multiple sources, we find that while sanctions are unrelated to the rate of
success of terrorist attacks, they are positively associated with the num-
ber of fatalities resulting from terrorist attacks. These findings further the
need for policymakers to consider the consequences sanctions have on
the target country populace. [R]
72.5802 AMINE, Loubna EL ; MAZUR, Kevin — Thinking about
groups in political science: a case for bringing the Meso
level back in. Political Science Quarterly 137(2), Summer
2022 : 331-355.
The authors discuss the study of groups in comparative politics and polit-
ical theory. They argue for focusing on the meso-level, which comprises
families, neighborhoods, and localities, and which shows groups to be
neither bounded and fixed nor ever-changing and completely malleable.
[R]
72.5803 AMINI, Chiara ; DOUARIN, Elodie ; HINKS, Tim — Individu-
alism and attitudes towards reporting corruption: evi-
dence from post-communist economies. Journal of Institu-
tional Economics 18(1), Feb. 2022 : 85-100.
Individualistic values are often presented as promoting economic devel-
opment; however, their links to relevant behaviour and preferences at the
micro-level remain under-explored. Here we investigate the relationship
between individualistic values and personal attitudes towards reporting
corruption. Unlike much of the previous research which focuses on atti-
tudes towards corruption, we analyse the micro-level mechanisms relat-
ing to one's willingness to escape the status quo and act against corrup-
tion. We also focus on a region associated with persistently high levels of
perceived corruption. Our findings indicate that individualism is associ-
ated with a greater likelihood to act against corruption. The effect esti-
mated is small but highly significant and robust to changes in estimators
and specifications. [R, abr.]
72.5804 AMODIO, Francesco, et al. — Agricultural comparative ad-
vantage and legislators’ support for trade agreements.
Journal of Politics 84(2), Apr. 2022 : 1244-1249.
Does comparative advantage explain legislators’ support for trade liber-
alization? We use data on potential crop yields as determined by weather
and soil characteristics to derive a new plausibly exogenous measure of
comparative advantage in agriculture for each district in the United
States. Evidence shows that comparative advantage in agriculture pre-
dicts how legislators vote on the ratification of preferential trade agree-
ments in Congress. We show that legislators in districts with high agricul-
tural comparative advantage are more likely to mention that trade agree-
ments are good for agriculture in House floor debates preceding roll call
votes on their ratifications. Individuals living in the same districts are also
more likely to support free trade. Our analysis and results contribute to
the literature on the political economy of trade and its distributional con-
sequences. [R, abr.]
72.5805 ANAT, Kidron ; LEVENTAL, Orr — National buildings for
nation-building: the case of England's and France's na-
tional football stadiums. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics
28(2), 2022 : 125-142.
Political science : method and theory
642
Buildings that contribute either directly or indirectly to the formation of a
national identity are typically associated with historical monuments.
Mega-structures such as national football stadiums, which were built as
national monuments but were designed to meet functional needs as well,
play a similar role. This paper examines these mega-structures, and spe-
cifically national football stadiums, through a critical review of two such
stadiums, one in England and one in France, that represent an anomaly
in the European context. The paper offers a local and global perspective
based on nationality, geography, and sports theories. Our findings sug-
gest that despite the differences between the two countries, they demon-
strate a consensus regarding the need to build a national stadium. [R,
abr.]
72.5806 ANDERSON, Christopher J. ; BOL, Damien ; ANANDA, Au-
relia — Humanity’s attitudes about democracy and politi-
cal leaders: patterns and trends. Public Opinion Quarterly
85(4), Winter 2021 : 957-986.
For decades, researchers have examined people’s beliefs across coun-
tries and over time using national samples of citizens. Yet, in an era when
economies, societies, and policymaking have become increasingly inter-
connected, nation-states may no longer be the only or most relevant units
of analysis for studying public opinion. To examine what people think
about politics on a global scale, we develop tools for measuring public
opinion that allow us to transcend national and regional boundaries. Start-
ing with the world as the unit of analysis and humans as the relevant pop-
ulation, we measure and then explore patterns and trends in human pref-
erences for democratic government and political leaders with the help of
surveys collected around the world since 1994. [R]
72.5807 ANGST, Mario ; BRANDENBERGER, Laurence — Infor-
mation exchange in governance networks — Who bro-
kers across political divides? Governance 35(2), Apr.
2022 : 585-608.
The exchange of information among organizations is the lifeblood of gov-
ernance networks. It is a necessary condition for successful governance.
Political divides between organizations often impede information ex-
change. We ask which organizations are most likely to broker information
across political divides. We consider survey (n = 312) evidence of tech-
nical information exchange in Swiss water governance. Bayesian expo-
nential random graph modeling results show that scientific organizations
play crucial roles for cross-divide brokerage. To a lesser extent, this also
holds for higher-level governmental agencies. Participation in policy fo-
rums is associated with a higher likelihood of brokering across political
divides. There is however no clear benefit to participating in more than
two or three forums. We conclude that an active role played by scientific
organizations is the most promising avenue to increase information flow
across political divides. [R, abr.]
72.5808 ANISIN, Alexei — Pandemic surveillance capitalism: au-
thoritarian liberalism or democratic backsliding? Journal
of Political Power 15(2), 2022 : 262-278.
This study assesses EU states’ responses to the pandemic through en-
gaging with literatures on surveillance capitalism, authoritarian liberalism,
and democratic backsliding. It investigates restrictions that were carried
out in EU states and the means that were used to enforce them via sur-
veillance technology. The analysis reveals that private technological cor-
porations’ resources, data, and applicational platforms enabled govern-
mental security and health institutions to monitor, trace, and quarantine
entire populaces through side stepping democratic mechanisms. Concur-
rent to emergency decrees and mass restrictions, governments privileged
corporate and industrial interests during lockdowns. [R, abr.]
72.5809 APOLTE, Thomas ; MÜLLER, Julia — The persistence of
political myths and ideologies. European Journal of Politi-
cal Economy 71, Jan. 2022 : 102076.
Why do groups of even well-educated individuals sometimes persistently
believe in political myths and ideologies? We follow cognition psychology
in its finding that individuals sometimes stick with intuitive but false prop-
ositions. We maintain, however, that they challenge their intuition when
the consequences for their individual welfare are sufficiently severe. We
embed the underlying evidence in a model of social interaction that de-
termines the conditions of a myth equilibrium, in which almost all individ-
uals deeply believe in a certain myth and stick with its ex-post rationali-
zation, or those of a truth equilibrium in which all individuals pursue ex-
ante reasoning that aims to get as close to the truth as possible. We show
how myths are clustered around certain groups and why groups are more
likely to stick with political myths than individuals, which challenges the
generality of Condorcet’s jury theorem. [R]
72.5810 ARCY, Michelle D’ ; NISTOTSKAYA, Marina — A taxing is-
sue: the constraining effects of historical state capacity
on European property taxes today. Journal of European
Public Policy 29(5), 2022 : 689-707.
Property tax regimes in European states vary in design, yield and pro-
gressivity, but the sources of variation have been understudied. Through
inductive process tracing of two diverse cases, the UK and Sweden, this
paper explores the impact of the state’s capacity to value property. It finds
that, in Sweden, routine and regular property valuation was historically
institutionalized. This enabled a progressive property tax regime until
house prices rose rapidly in the 1990s. Thereafter this capacity became
a political liability: translating increasing prices into higher tax liability for
typical homeowners, generating political resistance and incentivizing re-
form. In the UK, valuation capacity was never institutionalized enabling
regressive nineteenth-century property taxes to become path dependent.
[R, abr.] [See Abstr. 72.5967]
72.5811 ARLEN, Gordon — Citizen tax juries: democratizing tax
enforcement after the Panama Papers. Political Theory
50(2), Apr. 2022 : 193-220.
Four years after the Panama Papers scandal, tax avoidance remains an
urgent moral-political problem. Moving beyond both the academic and
policy mainstream, I advocate the “democratization of tax enforcement,”
by which I mean systematic efforts to make tax avoiders accountable to
the judgment of ordinary citizens. Both individual oligarchs and multina-
tional corporations have access to sophisticated tax avoidance strategies
that impose significant fiscal costs on democracies and exacerbate
preexisting distributive and political inequalities. Yet much contemporary
tax sheltering occurs within the letter of the law, rendering criminal sanc-
tions ineffective. In response, I argue for the creation of Citizen Tax Ju-
ries, deliberative minipublics empowered to scrutinize tax avoiders, de-
mand accountability, and facilitate concrete reforms. [R, abr.]
72.5812 ARROJA, Ricardo ; CAMÕES, Pedro J. — What are policy-
makers waiting for? How trustworthy government can
sooth tax instability and expenditure arrears. Governance
35(2), Apr. 2022 : 661-671.
Tax policies and public spending reflect the taking and giving powers of
the government. However, when thinking about these, the taking powers
of government are perceived as the most prominent. Why is the govern-
ment's relationship with society seemingly asymmetric in that give and
take? What leads to these perceptions? This article's starting point is in-
stability in corporate income taxes and government expenditure arrears
as two features of poor fiscal governance associated with lower corporate
investment in the market economy. The article then focuses on the polit-
ical and technical relationships comprising budgetary governance and
proposes feasible policy options. These policy options aim toward a path
of corporate income tax stability and timely government payments
through better balancing the give-and-take involved in running the gov-
ernment. [R]
72.5813 ATKINSON, Douglas ; THORNTON, Stephen — The citation
behaviours and the academic performance of first-year
Political Science students. European Political Science
21(2), June 2022 : 292-307.
This research will utilize citation analysis to explore the information be-
haviors of a cohort of first-year Political Science students at a university
in the UK. Using a dataset of the citation behaviour of 262 students, we
find that students who locate and cite particular sources of information
receive better grades than those that do not. These findings suggest that
students who know how to locate and subsequently cite these sources —
which tend to be those regarded as more reliable and of higher quality —
will achieve higher grades on their course work. This might sound obvi-
ous, but such assumptions are rarely checked; furthermore, such findings
might convince doubtful students — and staff — to take information liter-
acy more seriously. [R]
72.5814 BACCARO, Lucio ; NEIMANNS, Erik — Who wants wage
moderation? Trade exposure, export-led growth, and the
irrelevance of bargaining structure. West European Poli-
tics 45(6), 2022 : 1257-1282.
An extensive literature in comparative political economy has examined
the determinants of wage militancy and moderation at the country level.
So far, however, there has been no attempt to analyse the determinants
of wage satisfaction and dissatisfaction at the individual level. Based on
two waves of the International Social Survey Programme, this article
seeks to fill this void. It examines to what extent trade exposure affects
individual attitudes towards wages, and whether bargaining institutions
facilitate the internalisation of competitiveness requirements, as sug-
gested by the vast literature on neocorporatism. Surprisingly, no relation-
ship is found between the structure of wage bargaining (more or less co-
ordinated or centralised) and wage dissatisfaction at the individual level.
[R, abr.] [See Abstr. 72.6203]
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