II Political Science : Method and Theory / Science Politique : Méthodes et Théories
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00208345231157665 |
| Published date | 01 February 2023 |
| Date | 01 February 2023 |
11
II
POLITICAL SCIENCE : METHOD AND THEORY
SCIENCE POLITIQUE : MÉTHODES ET THÉORIES
73.1 A’ZAMI, Darius ; LIU Xin — The public-private distinction
in the shadow of China: uneven and combined develop-
ment’s critique of liberal IR theory? Cambridge Review of
International Affairs 35(3), 2022 : 291-313.
Social theories of IR are normally premised on a deep distinction between
public and private spheres. Using Uneven and Combined Development
(U&CD), this paper elaborates industrialism as a pattern of state-led de-
velopment in China that prioritizes industrial capacity as an end over
strictly private objectives (e.g. profits). Arising in substantial part from the
exigencies of political multiplicity, industrialism seeks national unity and
vindication of a distinct civilizational identity through the pragmatic means
of industrial capacity under conditions of modernity. Whilst this argument
partly echoes the developmental state literature, it goes further by visual-
izing this across both the longue durée and the current conjuncture, right
up to the much-discussed Belt and Road Initiative. Finally, the argument
emphasizes U&CD’s potential to originate a simultaneously non-liberal
and non-realist account of the implications of China’s rise. [R, abr.]
73.2 ALAPHILIPPE, Alexandre — Sources ouvertes et lutte con-
tre la désinformation: un chantier démocratique (Open
sources and the fight against disinformation: a demo-
cratic project). Hérodote 186, 2022 : 69-84.
Mot-valise dans le milieu du renseignement, l’Osint intègre désormais le
vocabulaire de la lutte contre la désinformation. Le renseignement en
source ouverte s’est intégré à la panoplie d’outils et de méthodologies de
nouveaux acteurs (chercheurs, journalistes, voire forces de l’ordre). Mais
si son caractère d’intérêt public est souvent démontré, nous verrons que
cette libéralisation de l’Osint est accompagnée de risques significatifs de
surveillance arbitraire. Nous envisagerons enfin quels sont les chantiers
d’une démocratisation de son usage public. [R]
73.3 ALDRICH, Daniel P., et al. — Social capital's role in human-
itarian crises. Journal of Refugee Studies 34(2), June 2021 :
1787-1809.
The growing scale and persistence of humanitarian crises constitute a
critical problem for nation-states, aid organizations and crisis-affected
people. Many humanitarian responders continue to focus on material aid,
providing essential supplies and services during these crises, while other
actors restore physical infrastructures. We believe aid efforts are over-
looking the pivotal nature of horizontal and vertical ties within and be-
tween communities. Using qualitative and quantitative data from Uganda
and Nigeria, we show how social capital matters even during the most
severe crises. Our interviews and regression analyses of survey data
show that deeper reservoirs of bridging social capital associate signifi-
cantly with the preparedness of individuals displaced by violence in Nige-
ria, and that bonding and linking social capital correlates with greater re-
silience for people stressed by food insecurity in Uganda’s K aramoja re-
gion. [R, abr.]
73.4 ALTMAN, David — Adjusting democracy indices to the
age of mass migration: voting rights of denizens and ex-
pats. Contemporary Politics 28(4), 2022 : 408-428.
Contemporary migration flows affect virtually all aspects of the social fab-
ric, democracy included. Focused on the competitiveness aspects of the
regime, comparative measurements of democracy have underestimated
the complexity of the Dahlian dimension of inclusiveness, a sine qua non
for defining a polyarchy. This measurement paper proposes a new index
of inclusiveness: Electoral Residential Inclusiveness. This measure, an
alternative to the most frequently used ethnonational ones, assesses the
size of the overlap between those who make the law and those who are
subject to it. It is shown how some regimes — including some typically
considered strong dem ocracies — exhibit such a considerable gap be-
tween these two groups that their democratic credentials could be ques-
tioned. [R, abr.]
73.5 AMENGUAL, Matthew ; BARTLEY, Tim — Global markets,
corporate assurances, and the legitimacy of state inter-
vention: perceptions of distant labor and environmental
problems. American Sociological Review 87(3), June 2022 :
383-414.
Collective perceptions of harm and impropriety channel the evolution of
capitalism, as shown by research on the moral boundaries of markets.
But how are boundaries perceived when harms are distant and observers
face competing claims from advocacy organizations and corporations?
These conditions are particularly salient in global supply chains, where
private voluntary initiatives have been formed to address labor exploita-
tion and environmental degradation. We argue that state intervention is
now on the rise and that popular judgments about state intervention carry
new insights for the sociology of markets, morality, policy, and globaliza-
tion. Analyzing data from a conjoint survey experiment, we find that dis-
tant labor and environmental problems (e .g., forced labor, natural re-
source depletion) provoke varied levels of interest in state intervention as
well as different justifications for state intervention. [R, abr.]
73.6 ARABZADEH, Hamzeh — Wage centralization and the po-
litical economy of budget deficits. European Journal of Po-
litical Economy 74, Sept. 2022 : 102168.
This paper studies the relationship between wage centralization and
budget deficits. Using a panel of 18 major OECD countries from 1980 to
2014, I find strong evidence that wage centralization is associated with
lower budget deficits in the panel of industrialized economies. The auto-
regressive distributed lag (AR DL) model shows that this negative link is
mostly in the long run and not in the short run. The empirical results sug-
gest that this negative association cannot be explained by either wage
coordination at national level or by formal/informal cooperation among in-
dustry-level unions. Instead, the paper introduces a political economy
model that can be viewed as one potential explanation for the empirical
results. The model argues that wage centralization interacts with the po-
litical economy of budget deficits, leading to a lower level of deficit bias.
[R, abr.]
73.7 BALDOLI, Roberto — From protest to project: nonviolent
cultural revolution for the 21st century. New Political Sci-
ence 44(2), 2022 : 283-296.
Nonviolence has risen in prominence in academia due to its power to
overthrow dictators, fight corruption, and inspire change. However, cer-
tain issues surrounding the predominant definitions of nonviolence have
yet to be fully explored. This paper opens this Pandora’s box, offering an
alternative definition of nonviolence capable of reconciling an extremely
fragmented field of research. It reinterprets the term as a social and polit-
ical school of thought dating back to the 20th c., at the core of which lies
a strong belief in the interrelatedness of life, a conception of power, and
an open project of omnicracy. [R, abr.]
73.8 BARI, Muhammad Waseem, e t al. — Employees’ re-
sponses to psychological contract breach: the mediating
role of organizational cynicism. Economic and Industrial
Democracy 43(2), May 2022 : 810-829.
This study evaluates employees’ responses (turnover intention and coun-
terproductive work behavior) to different forms of psychological contract
breach (relational and transactional), and the mediating role of organiza-
tional cynicism between employees’ responses and psychological con-
tract breach. This study used a time lag technique for data collection from
411 bank employees in Pakistan. PLS-SEM and SmartPls software were
applied for data analyses. The findings show that relational psychological
contract breach has no significant impact on turnover intention but trans-
actional psychological contract breach has a significant impact on turno-
ver intention. However, counterproductive work behavior has a significant
association with both forms of psychological contract breach (relational
and transactional). [R, abr.]
73.9 BARKHORDARI, Aref — A short history of liberalism in
contemporary Iran. Constitutional Political Economy 33(2),
June 2022 : 200-216.
The present article explores how liberalism and modern thoughts entered
Iran and how they influenced political thought and institutions in contem-
porary Iran. It also briefly considers how Iran’s traditional religious and
historical discourse addressed modernity and liberal constitutional theo-
ries that were distinct from its own. During most of the past 150 years, the
traditional discourse regarded modernity and liberalism to be “the other.”
Some of these thinkers rejected modernity and liberalism entirely, others
attempted to discriminate between good and bad elements of modernity
and liberalism, and took account of the good, while rejecting the bad. A
few adopted both liberalism and modernity wholeheartedly. Each of these
assessments generated new or revised strands of political thought in Iran.
In the end, liberalism failed to attract sufficient support to sustain itself,
but indirectly affected Iranian politics through refinements in earlier
Political science : method and theory
12
traditional and religious p olitical discourse and by placing Iran’s govern-
ance on constitutional foundations. [R]
73.10 BARRAULT-STELLA, Lorenzo — Propositions pour des
analyses processuelles et relationnelles des contribu-
tions de l’État a ux (dés)investissements politiques (Pro-
posals for dynamic and relational analyses of the state’s
contributions to political (dis)engagement). Revue fran-
çaise de Science politique 71(5-6), Oct.-Dec. 2021 : 827-846.
This article examines the seminal post-scriptum penned by Olivier
Fillieule regarding militant careers in a 2001 issue of the Revue française
de science politique. It explores what made this text possible, its contri-
bution to the field, the controversies it provoked, and its intellectual leg-
acy, in turn proposing a complementary program designed from the per-
spective of the sociology of public action and the State. In breaking down
disciplinary silos, this article investigates State and institutional dimen-
sions of political (dis)engagement. Two possibilities are suggested: on
the one hand, integrating the economics of relations to the State (the plu-
ral socialization to the State of individuals) into the dynamic analysis of
political investment, and on the other hand, taking a serious look at the
relational hypothesis that explains how the State can shape situations of
(de)mobilization (the contribution of public institutions to the constitution
of situations) through public action. [R]
73.11 BEAUVALLET, Willy ; FRAGNON, Julien ; PERRET, Sarah
— Voit-on mieux de près? Être chercheur embarqué
au Parlement (Do we get a better view from closer? Being
an embedded researcher in Parliament). Politix 136, 2021 :
5-26.
Existe-t-il une spécificité de l’”acteur” collaborateur-chercheur? Cette
étude interroge ce double statut qui soulève des questions à la fois épisté-
mologiques et méthodologiques sur l’approche du terrain et l’objet de re-
cherche. Mais elle interroge également les effets d’une telle posture de
recherche sur la pratique professionnelle. Dans quelle mesure ces deux
postures s’influencent-elles mutuellement? C’est à ces questions que ce
travail collaboratif se propose de répondre à partir d’un retour réflexif de
chacun des trois autrice et auteurs sur leurs propres expériences au ser-
vice d’élu·es locaux, de parlementaires et de ministre. Il s’agit ainsi de
dégager des pistes de recherche en mettant véritablement au cœur de
l’analyse cette position hybride particulière qu’est l’engagement du cher-
cheur-collaborateur. [R, abr.]
73.12 BECKETT, Kate, et al. — Using forum theatre to mobilise
knowledge and improve NHS care: the enhancing post-
injury psychological intervention and care (EPPIC) study.
Evidence and Policy 18(2), May 2022 : 236-264.
Evidence regarding the impact of psychological problems on recovery
from injury has limited influence on practice. Mindlines show effective
practice requires diverse knowledge which is generally socially transmit-
ted.Develop and test a method blending patient, practitioner, and re-
search evidence and using Forum Theatre to enable key stakeholders to
interact with it. Assess this methods; impact on contributing individu-
als/groups; on behaviour, practice, and research; mechanisms enabling
these changes to occur. This approach enhanced individuals’/group
knowledge of post-injury psychopathology, confidence in their
knowledge, mutual understanding, creativity, attitudes towards
knowledge mobilisation, and research. These cognitive, attitudinal, and
relational impacts led to multilevel changes in behaviour, practice, and
research. Four key mechanisms enabled this research to occur and cre-
ate impact: diverse knowledge, drama/storytelling, social interaction, ac-
tively altering outcomes. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 73.118]
73.13 BEKIARIS, Evangelos ; DASKALOPOULOU, Irene — Satis-
faction with democracy and social capital: multi-level
model evidence for the pre- and post-crisis era. Review of
Political Economy 34(3), 2022 : 468-503.
We analyze the relationship between social capital and satisfaction with
democracy (SWD) levels. We consider SWD to denote regime support
and we operationalize social capital in two different ways so as to discern
between individual (micro) and country (macro) level effects. At the indi-
vidual level, we operationalize social capital as composed of trust (gen-
eralized and institutional), human values (altruism, equality, tolerance,
humanitarianism), and participatory behavior (political engagement, as-
sociations, activism). At the country level, we control for the effect of na-
tional culture (power distance, development, masculinity, individualism)
upon SWD levels. Individual level data are drawn from the European So-
cial Survey (ESS) Rounds 4 (2008) and 8 (2016). [R, abr.]
73.14 BENNETT, Michael ; CLAASSEN, Rutger — The corporate
power trilemma. Journal of Politics 84(4), Oct. 2022 : 2094-
2106.
Authors critical of corporate power focus almost exclusively on one solu-
tion: bringing it under democratic control. However important this is, there
are at least two other options, which are rarely discussed: reducing pow-
erful firms’ size and influence, or accepting corporate power as a neces-
sary evil. This article provides a comparative perspective for evaluating
all three options. It argues that the trade-offs we face in responding to
corporate power have a trilemmatic structure. The pure strategies of ac-
cepting powerful firms, breaking them up, or rendering them more ac-
countable are each incompatible with one of three important values:
power balance, economies of scale, and minimizing agency costs, re-
spectively. While the latter two concepts are purely economic and effi-
ciency-based, the value of power balance can be grounded in a variety of
reasons. [R, abr.]
73.15 BERDAHL, Loleen ; MALLOY, Jonathan ; YOUNG, Lisa —
Doctoral mentorship practices in Canadian political sci-
ence. Canadian Journal of Political Science 55(3), Sept.
2022 : 709-720.
Supervisors shape the PhD student experience and play a critical role in
students’ development. To what extent and in what ways are faculty en-
gaged in mentorship? Are faculty mentoring more or differently now than
in the past? This study of political science faculty from political science
departments offering PhD programs in the English language finds that
graduate supervision is changing over time, with mentorship practices
becoming both more common and more varied. Supervisors do not ap-
pear to be simply replicating their own limited experience of mentorship
as a PhD student. Instead, supervisors are becoming more actively and
directly involved in their students’ research careers in ways that increase
their students’ career opportunities. There is opportunity for institutions,
at both the university and department level, to further invest in building
the capacity and ability of supervisors to be effective mentors. [R]
73.16 BEST, Jacqueline — Varieties of ignorance in neoliberal
policy: or the possibilities and perils of wishful economic
thinking. Review of International Political Economy 29(4),
2022 : 1159-1182.
We might be tempted to view the recent efforts by political leaders to cul-
tivate certain convenient forms of economic ignorance as characteristic
of a novel ‘post-truth’ age. This article suggests instead that we take this
troubling trend as an invitation to examine the role of ignorance more
generally in political economic thinking and practice. Whereas many
scholars have treated uncertainty and other unknowns as external chal-
lenges that can be resolved through expertise and learning, this article
instead endogenizes ignorance, treating it as a key tool in the develop-
ment of policy knowledge. Drawing on archival material from the early
Reagan and Thatcher years, this article examines a moment when many
of the contemporary assumptions about economic ignorance and strate-
gies for coping with it were first developed and tried out. I introduce a
typology of the practical role of ignorance in economic policymaking,
ranging from wishful thinking, to confusion, fudging, denial and puzzling.
[R, abr.]
73.17 BETTECKEN, Julia, et al. — Under-represented, cautious,
and modest: the gender gap at European Union Politics.
European Political Science 21(3), Sept. 2022 : 462-475.
The gender gap pervades many core aspects of political science. This
article reports that females continue to be under-represented as authors
and reviewers in European Union Politics and that these differences have
only diminished slightly since the second half of the 2000s. We also report
that females use more cautious and modest language in their correspond-
ence with the editorial office, but do not find evidence that this under-
studied aspect of the gender gap affects the outcome of the reviewing
process. The authors discuss some measures European Union Politics
and other journals might take to address the imbalance. [R] [See Abstr.
73.73]
73.18 BHANDARI, Abhit — Political determinants of economic
exchange: evidence from a business experiment in Sen-
egal. American Journal of Political Science 66(4), Oct. 2022 :
835-852.
Economic growth requires confidence in the state's ability to enforce se-
cure exchange. But when states selectively enforce rule of law, political
considerations can moderate the trust that buyers have in sellers. I argue
that political connections produce moral hazard in exchange because
they introduce biases in expectations of judicial enforcement. Buyers
avoid trade with politically connected sellers, and, in this context of une-
qual enforcement, formal contracts disproportionately protect politically
connected buyers. T o examine these features of connections and con-
tracts, I created a sales business in Senegal and randomized whether
employees signaled political connections and/or offered formal contracts
during transactions. The results show that political connections de-
creased buyers' willingness to exchange. Formal contracts increased ex-
change, though primarily for connected buyers. [R, abr.]
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