II Political Science : Method and Theory / Science Politique : Méthodes et Théories
| Published date | 01 October 2023 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00208345231209558 |
| Date | 01 October 2023 |
683
II
POLITICAL SCIENCE : METHOD AND THEORY
SCIENCE POLITIQUE : MÉTHODES ET THÉORIES
73.5765 AHLSKOG, Rafael ; OSKARSSON, Sven — Quantifying
bias from measurable and unmeasurable confounders
across three domains of individual determinants of polit-
ical preferences. Political Analysis 31(2), Apr. 2023 : 181-
194.
A core part of political research is to identify how political preferences are
shaped. The nature of these questions is such that robust causal identifi-
cation is often difficult to achieve, and we are not seldom stuck with ob-
servational methods that we know have limited causal validity. The pur-
pose of this paper is to measure the magnitude of bias stemming from
both measurable and unmeasurable confounders across three broad do-
mains of individual determinants of political preferences: socio-economic
factors, moral values, and psychological constructs. We leverage a
unique combination of rich Swedish registry data for a large sample of
identical twins, with a comprehensive battery of 34 political preference
measures, and build a meta-analytical m odel comparing our most con-
servative observational (naive) estimates with discordant twin estimates.
[R, abr.]
73.5766 ALBERT, Karen — Rebel institutions and negotiated
peace. Conflict Management and Peace Science 40(3), May
2023 : 239-259.
Civil wars are difficult to resolve through negotiated settlements. Rebel
institutions are thought to make negotiations more successful. I show,
however, that this positive association does not hold. Rather, rebel ser-
vice provision is negatively correlated with successful negotiated settle-
ments. The well-established literature on commitment problems suggests
that negotiated settlements are not reached because governments end
negotiations amidst fears of rebel growth from civilian support derived
from service provision. I offer an alternative explanation — strategic
stalling — based on rebel incentives to realize the full long-term benefits
of service provision. Qualitative evidence shows that observable implica-
tions of strategic stalling are observed in the cases surveyed. [R]
73.5767 ALGER, Justin — The political economy of protected area
designations: commercial interests in conservation pol-
icy. Global Environmental Politics 23(2), May 2023 : 54-73.
States have increased the pace and scale of conservation efforts in re-
cent years as they strive to meet ambitious terrestrial and marine pro-
tected area targets. The ecological gains made in this push for protec-
tions, however, seem to be no better than if governments designated pro-
tected areas at random. Many critics point to states prioritizing quantity
over quality of protections — rightly so — but this point does not fully
explain the shortcomings of the global biodiversity network. The problem
is more deeply rooted in the processes through which governments des-
ignate protected areas. Governments prioritize minimizing short-term
commercial losses over maximizing long-term ecological gains in conser-
vation policy processes, leading to two predominant types of protected
area: residual and paper park. The causal mechanism driving these pro-
cesses is how salient industry interests are in an area targeted for protec-
tions. [R, abr.]
73.5768 ALT, Suvi — Environmental apocalypse and space: the
lost dimension of the end of the world. Environmental Pol-
itics 32(5), 2023 : 903-922.
Apocalyptic discourses continue to be central to environmental move-
ments, media representations and even establishment accounts of envi-
ronmental politics. At the same time, ecological thinkers increasingly ar-
gue that the apocalypse is already here: We are already living at the end
of the world. My aim is to problematise predominant notions of time and
space in these discourses and, in doing so, to begin to chart the contri-
bution of postcolonial theology to environmental political thought. I argue
that conceptions of environmental apocalypse remain wedded to a par-
ticular modern, Western interpretation of the Christian apocalyptic tradi-
tion that privileges a linear notion of time over spatial analysis. Recover-
ing space as the lost dimension of the end of the world contests received
notions of environmental apocalypse and it calls for challenging the so-
cial, political, and material relations of power that constitute its place,
thereby contributing to more equal and just environmental politics. [R]
73.5769 ANDERSON, Noel ; BAGOZZI, Benjamin E. ; KOREN, Ore —
Pressed to prolong: conscription, the costs of military la-
bor, and civil war duration. International Studies Quarterly
67(2), June 2023 : online.
Numerous explanations for why some civil wars last longer than others.
Yet, the type of labor that state militaries recruit has remained unexplored
in this context. We consider how a state's military personnel system af-
fects its ex post decision to keep fighting. We argue that conscription ren-
ders access to military labor relatively easy and, thus, less expensive. As
military wages fall, war becomes less costly, the production of military
power becomes more labor intensive, and the hazard of conflict-termina-
tion declines. In a volunteer force, in contrast, military labor is relatively
scarce and, therefore, more expensive. Accordingly, war becomes more
costly, the production of military power becomes more capital intensive,
and the hazard of conflict termination rises. These effects are reinforced
as a conflict persists, leading to an increased divergence in duration
across conscripted and volunteer militaries. [R, abr.]
73.5770 ANDERSON, Sarah E., et al.— Driving legislators' policy
preferences: constituent commutes and gas taxes. Legis-
lative Studies Quarterly 48(1), Feb. 2023 : 203-218.
Understanding differential policy costs across constituencies, and how
they link to legislators' policy preferences, can facilitate policy changes
that solve pressing problems. We examine the role of policy costs on con-
stituents by studying legislator support for taxing gasoline. Analysis of
survey responses from US state legislators, as well as of their voting rec-
ords, shows that legislators whose constituents would be most affected
by an increased gas tax — those whose constituents have longer com-
mutes — are more likely to oppose higher gas taxes. Separately estimat-
ing the impact of time spent driving to work versus using public transit
shows that the effect of commute times comes from those who have long
drives, not from those who ride public transit, highlighting how the policy
costs to constituents is a major driver in legislators' considerations. [R,
abr.]
73.5771 ANGHEL, Veronica ; SCHULTE-CLOOS, Julia — COVID-19-
related anxieties do not decrease support or liberal de-
mocracy. European Journal of Political Research 62(2), May
2023 : 660-673.
We still lack an understanding of the longer-term, potentially erosive con-
sequences that COVID-19-specific anxieties may carry for citizens' com-
mitment to liberal democratic norms. we present evidence from an origi-
nal experiment in which we manipulate individuals' cognitive accessibility
of their fears related to COVID-19. We implemented this experiment in
Hungary and Romania — two cases where illiberal attitudes are most
likely to amplify under conditions of fear — a year and a half after the
outbreak of the pandemic. The results show that our intervention is suc-
cessful in elevating respondents' levels of worry, anxiety and fear when
thinking about infectious diseases like COVID-19. However, these emo-
tions do not carry secondary effects on individuals' levels of right-wing
authoritarianism, nationalism or outgroup hostility, nor do they affect pref-
erences for specific discriminatory policy measures aimed to fight a po-
tential resurgence of COVID-19. [R, abr.]
73.5772 ANSUÀTEGUI ROIG , Francisco Javier — On the complex
relation between law and trust. Derechos y Libertades 48,
Jan. 2023 : 71-90.
In this paper I analyse Tommaso Greco’s proposal regarding the relation-
ship between Law and trust, focusing on some relevant points and show-
ing its complex and multidimensional nature; and showing some conse-
quences related to the concept of Law. [R]
73.5773 ANTOINE, Elise — The politicisation of internet privacy
regulation. European Journal of Political Research 62(2),
May 2023 : 530-550.
Little empirical analysis has been carried out to assess the impact of fo-
cusing events on politicisation within global and seemingly technical ven-
ues of policy-making. Building on existing studies, I conceptualise politi-
cisation as a combination of three components: (1) issue salience, (2)
actor expansion and (3) actor diversity. I test the impact of focusing
events on the politicisation of one of the most pressing global policy is-
sues of our age: internet regulation, specifically regarding global data pro-
tection and internet privacy rules. I use a systematic analysis of news
media coverage over a 20-year period, resulting in an original dataset of
2,100 news articles. Controlling for different factors, my findings reveal
that focusing events do contribute to politicisation in technical venues, in
particular regarding the actors involved in debates. [R, abr.]
Political science : method and theory
684
73.5774 AREVALO ROBLES, Gabriel Andrés, et al.— The ambiguity
of transnational justice. The inter-American case of hu-
man rights. Derechos y Libertades 48, Jan. 2023 : 233-257.
Inter-American human rights justice is a phenomenon of transnational in-
fluence on the legal systems of national states. The growing interaction
of the Inter-American Court with national judges and its work as inter-
preter of the American Convention on Human Rights (IACHR) has fos-
tered excessive optimism that needs to be critically reviewed for the sake
of a better understanding of transnational. To fulfill this task, this docu-
ment will present the doctrinal discussions on justice, validity, and effec-
tiveness of the IACHR through the scope, limits, and impact of the Inter-
American judicial exercise. [R]
73.5775 ATTIA, Hana ; GRAUVOGEL, Julia — Monitoring the mon-
itor? Selective responses to human rights transgres-
sions. International Studies Quarterly 67(2), June 2023 :
online.
Sanctions are among the most frequently used foreign policy tools to ad-
dress human rights violations, but they can be highly politicized. Since
the early 2000s, human rights sanctions have been increasingly triggered
by standardized rankings of states’ performances. While research on eco-
nomic statecraft suggests that coercive measures based on cross-na-
tional assessments may be less influenced by strategic considerations,
scholarship on rankings highlights how standardized performance indica-
tors can also be political. This paper investigates whether sanctions
based on standardized human rights assessments are also influenced by
senders’ strategic political and economic interests. Empirically, we exam-
ine the case of US human trafficking sanctions that combines universal
rankings in the first stage and country-specific sanctions waivers in the
second. [R, abr.]
73.5776 ATZENI, Claudia — The authoritarian liberalism and the
crisis of European union. Derechos y Libertades 48, Jan.
2023 : 111-138.
The concept of authoritarian liberalism formulated by Hermann Heller in
1932 has become a contemporary debate topic. Indeed, the European
political and economic crisis of the last 10 years seems to perfectly re-
place the idea of a democratic withdrawal from the liberal economic order.
In this article I am going to analyse the theoretical and conceptual level
of authoritarian liberalism, and then dwell on the influence that it exer-
cised on some forms of contemporary liberalism (such as ordoliberalism
and neoliberalism) practiced both during the integration process and in
the responses of institutions facing the European crisis. [R]
73.5777 AUGUST, Vincent — Political ideas of the network society:
why digitalization research needs critical conceptual
analysis. Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft 32(2), June 2022 :
313-335.
I argue for an interpretive approach to digitalization research that ana-
lyzes the concepts, narratives, and belief systems in digitalization de-
bates. I illustrate this methodological proposal by assessing the spread of
network ideas. Many political actors and digitalization researchers follow
network ideas, e.g., by claiming that the rise of a network society must
lead to network governance. In contrast to this narrative, I argue that there
are multiple visions of the digital society, each of which follows a specific
pattern of epistemology, social imaginary, and political proposals. These
competing self-interpretations must be investigated by digitalization re-
search in order to map and evaluate different pathways into a digital so-
ciety. For doing so, critical conceptual analysis draws on political theory,
critical conceptual history, and the sociology of knowledge. [R, abr.] [See
Abstr. 73.5789]
73.5778 AYDIN-CAKIR, Aylin — Duration of the constitution-mak-
ing process as an indicator of post-constitutional politi-
cal uncertainty: the insurance theory revisited. Global
Constitutionalism 12(2), July 2023 : 298-325.
Criticizing the insurance theory, this article asserts that to measure post-
constitutional political uncertainty, one should consider not only the power
distribution among the ‘political’ actors but the power distribution among
all actors involved in the constitution-making process, including the public
and civil society. Comparing the constitution-making processes of the
constitutions of Egypt (2012) and Tunisia (2014), this study presents the
duration of the constitution-making process as an alternative measure of
power distribution among all actors. The theoretical framework asserts
that the long constitution-making process increases the possibility of de-
liberation at the public level. That will help to develop trust among polar-
ized political actors and improve political actors’ perception of the public
as a credible control and constraint mechanism. This will ensure that the
incoming government will respect the newly established institutions and
lead to the establishment of an independent and powerful judiciary. [R,
abr.]
73.5779 BAELE, Stephane J. ; JALEA, Diana — Twenty-five years of
securitization theory: a corpus-based review. Political
Studies Review 21(2), May 2023 : 376-389.
Twenty-five years after its initial formulation, securitization theory is at a
crossroads: attempts to critically scrutinize its achievements and short-
comings proliferate, concerns about the theory’s eurocentrism are articu-
lated, and a heated row shakes the field following accusations of racism.
In this unstable context, the present article systematically reviews a cor-
pus of 171 securitization papers published in 15 major International Re-
lations journals since 1995, identifying two major imbalances character-
izing securitization theory research. First, rich theoretical development
has not been matched by sustained efforts to strengthen empirical work;
second, the theory has not been globally embraced, displaying instead a
narrow, distinctly local anchoring. By shedding light on these two issues
and their relationships, this review article aims to provide clear and ac-
tionable observations around which scholars could productively re-organ-
ize the ongoing debates and controversies. [R]
73.5780 BAKLANOV, Andrey — The oil and gas market “under
siege”. International Affairs (A Russian Journal of World Pol-
itics, Diplomacy and International Relations) 68(6), 2022 : 33-
43.
The world oil and gas market is in a dire situation. It may deteriorate fur-
ther if the West pursues its destructive policy. [R]
73.5781 BALLARD-ROSA, Cameron ; CARNEGIE, Allison ; SCHON-
FELD, Bryan — The geography of democratic discontent.
British Journal of Political Science 53(2), Apr. 2023 : 366-386.
Understanding the determinants of support for democracy remains at the
heart of many puzzles in international and comparative political economy.
A central but still unresolved topic in this literature is the conditions under
which such support dissipates. To answer this question, this article fo-
cuses on distributional politics: since democratic leaders possess limited
budgets but need to win elections, they often skew resources toward one
politically influential sector, leading to more negative attitudes toward de-
mocracy among electorally ignored populations. In particular, we argue
that governments often face a key political trade-off: whether to direct re-
sources to the agricultural sector or to encourage urban development.
After developing this argument in a formal model, we detail historical ac-
counts that substantiate the mechanisms identified in the model. [R, abr.]
73.5782 BANDYOPADHYAY, Subhayu ; SANDLER, Todd — Politi-
cally influenced counterterrorism policy and welfare effi-
ciency. European Journal of Political Economy 76, Jan.
2023 : 102250.
The paper examines how two targeted countries strategically deploy their
counterterror forces when lobbying defense firms influence counterterror
provision. For proactive measures, lobbying activities in a single targeted
country lessen underprovision, raise overall counterterrorism, and reduce
terrorism. Welfare decreases in the lobbied country but increases in the
other targeted country owing to enhanced free riding. Lobbying influence
on the targeted countries' welfare is tied to terrorists' targeting prefer-
ences and how the lobbied government weighs citizens’ welfare. Lobby-
ing in both targeted countries may result in the first-best equilibrium. In-
ternational policy coordination may lead to less efficient outcomes than
the noncooperative equilibrium. [R]
73.5783 BARANSKI, Andrzej ; HAAS, Nicholas ; MORTON, Rebecca
— Pork versus policy: experimental evidence on majori-
tarian bargaining with real-world consequences. Journal
of Politics 85(2), Apr. 2023 : 537-552.
Pork barrel politics has long attracted controversy; difficult to prove and
vigorously denied by those accused of it, the practice is nevertheless de-
fended by others who argue that pork facilitates compromise. We design
a novel field-in-the-lab experiment to study how legislators bargain over
pork and real-world policy. We first introduce a new incentivized method
to measure subjects’ ideological peak preferences and attitudinal
strength. Subjects then bargain over a two-dimensional agenda: a dona-
tion to a political interest group and the division of a sum of money. Con-
sistent with our theoretical model, we find that subjects trade monetary
and policy considerations. Subjects who are in the ideological majority
and who prefer status quo policies extract better bargains, but minorities
gain most from the possibility of compromise afforded by two dimensions.
[R, abr.]
73.5784 BARBEHÖN, Marlon — Die Vermittlung der Ungleichheit:
Zur symbolischen Ordnung sozialer Unterschiede und
wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Rationalität in narrativen Kon-
struktionen der Mittelschicht (The mediation of inequal-
ity: on the symbolic order of social difference and welfare
state rationality in narrative constructions of the middle
class). Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft 32(1), March 2022 :
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