II Political Thinkers and Ideas / Penseurs et Idées Politiques
| Published date | 01 December 2019 |
| DOI | 10.1177/0020834519892863 |
| Date | 01 December 2019 |
| Subject Matter | Abstracts |
744
II
POLITICAL THINKERS AND IDEAS
PENSEURS ET IDÉES POLITIQUES
69.7220 ADAIR-TOTEFF, Christopher — Mannheim, Shils, and
Aron and the “end of ideology” debate. Politics, Religion
and Ideology 20(1), March 2019 : 1-20.
This essay traces the history of the concept of ideology from its begin-
nings in the early 19th c. to the beginnings of the 21st but pays close
attention to those of Karl Mannheim, Edward Shils, and Raymond Aron.
Not only are these three scholars experts on the concept of ideology,
they worked with one another to help develop and refine its meaning and
its application. With this examination of their discussions, we gain a more
precise understanding of what an ideology is and a fuller sense of how it
functions. [R]
69.7221 ALBERT, Craig Douglas — Tocqueville’s theologico-
political predicament: Leo Strauss, religion and democ-
racy in America. Politikologija Religije (Politics and Reli-
gion), 2019(1) : 113-136.
This paper analyzes Tocqueville’s Democracy in America in a new light.
When viewed through Leo Strauss’s conception of the theologico-
political problem, a novel reading of Tocqueville is presented. This
interpretation argues that one of Democracy’s major themes concerns
reason versus revelation. Within such a reading, it contends that
Tocqueville’s seminal contribution to the history of political philosophy
contained within it his reluctant announcement that religion may not be
able to cure the social ills liberal democracy brings w ith it. Mainly, this is
because Tocqueville fears democracy will contribute to the decline of
religion itself. Tocqueville subtlety reveals his concerns over religion’s
possible inadequacy, offers explanations thereof, and postulates another
concept as a mitigating tool that has similar moderating effects on demo-
cratic defects: self-interest well understood. [R]
69.7222 ARLEN, Gordon — Aristotle and the problem of oligarchic
harm: insights for democracy. European Journal of Politi-
cal Theory 18(3), July 2019 : 393-414.
This essay identifies ‘oligarchic harm’ as a dire threat confronting con-
temporary democracies. I provide a formal standard for classifying
oligarchs: those who use personal access to concentrated wealth to
pursue harmful forms of discretionary influence. I then use Aristotle to
think through both the moral and the epistemic dilemmas of oligarchic
harm, highlighting Aristotle’s concerns about the difficulties of using
wealth as a ‘proxy’ for virtue. While Aristotle’s thought provides great
resources for diagnosing oligarchic threats, it proves less useful as a
guide to democratic institutional design. Aristotle raises a deep-seated
objection to democratic forms of ‘rule by the poor.’ A successful re-
sponse to oligarchy must move beyond Aristotle’s objection and affirm
the demos’ tripartite status as many, free, and poor. [R, abr.]
69.7223 BALLARINI, Adriano — Ideología totalitaria y neoconstitu-
cionalismo: La hipótesis de Nietzsche para una aproxi-
mación no ontológica a los valores (Totalitarian ideology
and neo-constitutionalism. Nietzsche’s hypothesis for a
non-ontological approach to values). Derechos y Liber-
tades 40, Jan. 2019 : 33-66.
In totalitarianism, history is never that of an individual. The man as
“subject”, constructed during the Modern Age, is substituted by the man
as “mass”. The man finds himself and feels gratified if his own world
secures his role of functionary. To get access to the historical phenome-
non of totalitarianism we need an understanding of reality within which
the man may feel fulfilled in a condition of existence without any freedom
or singularity. The hypothesis of this essay is that Nietzsche’s European
nihilism, and the transvaluation of values on which it rests, can be con-
sidered a gateway to such understanding of reality. [R]
69.7224 BOYD, Nathaniel J. — Hegel’s Hobbes: from the historical
context of the constitution to conscience and con-
sciousness. History of Political Thought 40(2), Summer
2019 : 327-356.
Hegel's relation (or non-relation) to Hobbes has been explored in the
critical literature, but mainly in theoretical terms. I argue that the historical
reception of Hobbes in Germany and the necessary transformation of his
thinking in the context of the Holy Roman Empire shaped Hegel's early
political thinking, as well as his institutional form of the state. Thus this
article rekindles the debate on Hegel's relation to Hobbes by focusing on
the constitutional context in Germany and shows how the German
tradition of political theory, with its emphasis on the rights of religion and
conscience, was central to Hegel's development. [R]
69.7225 CIARAMELLI, Fabio — La "Antígona" de Sófocles y la
falta de mediación jurídica (Sophocles’ "Antigone" and
the lack of legal mediation). Derechos y Libertades 40, Jan.
2019 : 17-31.
Sophocles’ Antigone can be taken as a good starting point in order to
investigate, within the Greek classical world, on the absence of media-
tion between the generality of legislation, on the one side, and the con-
crete case in its particularity, on the other. The lack of a solution in the
tragic conflict to shows, as it is, the very limit characteristic of the social
thought underlying the Greek polis. This one is in fact as entrapped in
the sole perspective of the nomos. The general and abstract character of
the latter does not admit in effect any procedure able to control its execu-
tion in the concrete realm of daily life. [R, abr.]
69.7226 DEROUS, Marjolein ; DE ROECK, Frederik — On Foucault
and foreign policy: the merits of governmentality for the
study of EU external relations. European Politics and Soci-
ety 20(3), June 2019 : 245-259.
This paper demonstrates the merits of governmentality as a tool for
studying EU external relations. Existing research tends to fall into the
trap of reifying the dichotomy between realist and ideational conceptions
of EU external action. Governmentality can serve as a hybrid between
these two strands of research, incorporating the preoccupancy with
power of the former with the ethical considerations of the latter. It can
open up our understanding of power operating in and through the EU’s
external relations, by looking at the discursive constructions rendering
issues governable and the micro-political practices that follow from it. We
provide an overview of existing applications of governmentality in EU
external relations and construct a framework allowing researchers to use
governmentality to its full analytical potential. [R]
69.7227 HOWELL, Alison ; RICHTER-MONTPETIT, Melanie —
Racism in Foucauldian security studies: biopolitics, lib-
eral war, and the whitewashing of colonial and racial vio-
lence. International Political Sociology 13(1), March 2019 : 2-
19.
This article argues that while Foucauldian security studies (FSS) schol-
arship on the biopolitics of security and liberal war has not ignored
racism, these works largely replicate Foucault's whitew ashing of the
raciality and coloniality of modern power and violence. Drawing on Black,
indigenous, postcolonial and decolonial studies, we show how Foucault's
genealogy of biopower rests on an unspecified concept of the “human,”
failing to account for how notions of “human” were constituted through
the savage and slave other, how enslaved people were rendered into
things, and how punitive, sovereign violence persists as a (settler)
colonial technique of gratuitous, not merely instrumental, violence. FSS
exacerbates these problems. [R, abr.]
69.7228 HUNT, Bruce A., Jr. ; ROSS, Robert — Limits of modern
liberalism during the American founding: the “anti-
democratic thought” of Jefferson and Adams. History of
Political Thought 40(2), Summer 2019 : 302-326.
Scholars often see the political thought of the American founding through
the lens of modern liberal ideas, such as property rights, religious tolera-
tion and the right to revolution. These ideas trace back to John Locke,
whose thought continues to structure American political discourse in
large degree. This article argues that the Lockean/modern liberal lens in
use misrepresents the founding. We turn to Thomas Jefferson and John
Adams to show a more robust discourse, both politically and philosophi-
cally, that takes in traditional Western views, which are present in Locke
and trace back to Plato, on statesmanship, censorship and civil religion.
[R]
69.7229 INAMURA, Kazutaka — Scientific classification and es-
sentialism in the Aristotelian typology of constitutions.
History of Political Thought 40(2), Summer 2019 : 196-218.
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