II Political Thought and Theory / Théorie et Pensée Politiques
| Published date | 01 October 2022 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00208345221131607 |
| Date | 01 October 2022 |
660
II
POLITICAL THOUGHT AND THEORY
THÉORIE ET PENSÉE POLITIQUES
72.5982 BACZKO, Adam ; DORRONSORO, Gilles — Thinking about
civil wars with and beyond Bourdieu: state, capital and
habitus in critical contexts. Journal of Classical Sociology
22(2), May 2022 : 199-221.
Building on Marx and Weber, Bourdieu developed a sociology for scruti-
nizing the processes of domination and accumulation that allow social re-
production to take place. Y et, Bourdieu rarely tackled the breakdowns of
social orders and never construed war as a scientific object, even if he
signaled the theoretical interest in an inverse sociogenesis of the state.
Despite this limitation, we argue that his work furnishes conceptual instru-
ments for thinking about change and remains heuristic for understanding
the dynamics of civil wars. These extreme situations in return let us rethink
some of the theory’s central concepts (fields, habitus, capital). Thus, in
succession we examine Bourdieu’s definition of the state (which fits into
the Weberian tradition), explain the consequences of defining civil war as
a violent competition between social orders, and end with an exploration
of the social impacts of civil war on habitus. [R]
72.5983 BARDI, Luciano — Democracy in the "Void": Peter Mair and
party politics. Irish Political Studies 37(2), 2022 : 161-171.
Peter Mair’s final contribution to political science [(Ruling the void: The
hollowing of western democracy, Verso Books, 2013] was an indictment
of the state of democracy based on his career-long study of party and party
system adaptation in comparative contexts, as well as on an analysis and
reflection on the nature and causes of the tension between responsive-
ness and responsibility for party government. The essays in this issue
demonstrate that the concerns that underpinned Peter Mair’s work are still
central to the debate on political parties and party-based democracy. To-
gether they reflect the enduring centrality of Mair’s professional scholar-
ship to the study of party politics in Western Europe. The very cumulative
character of this special issue helps identify and highlight the central ana-
lytic and theoretical themes of his work. [R, abr.] [Introduction to a thematic
issue of the same title. See Abstr. 72.5991, 6127, 6153, 6198, 6281, 6295,
6401]
72.5984 BARLÖSIUS, Eva ; PHILIPPS, Axel — Random grant alloca-
tion from the researchers’ perspective: introducing the
distinction into legitimate and illegitimate problems in
Bourdieu’s field theory. Social Science Information 61(1),
March 2022 : 154-178.
Discussions about funding research grants by lottery have centered on
weighing the pros and cons of peer review, but this focus does not fully
account for how an idea comes across in the field of science to those re-
searchers directly dependent on research funding. Not only do research-
ers have personal perspectives, but they are also shaped by their experi-
ences and the positions they occupy in the field of science. Applying Bour-
dieu’s field theory, the authors explore the question of which field-specific
problems and conflicts scientists identify and for which they could imagine
using a grant lottery in the allocation of research funding. Under what con-
ditions does such a solution, which is external to the field of science, seem
justified to them? The results show that different areas of application are
conceivable for a lottery mechanism in the field of science but that its use
seems justifiable only for legitimate field-specific quandaries. [R]
72.5985 BLANK, Andreas — Pufendorf and Leibniz on duties of es-
teem in diplomatic relations. Journal of International Political
Theory 18(2), June 2022 : 186-204.
The striving for self-worth is recognized as a driving force in international
relations; but if self-worth is understood as a function of status in a power
hierarchy, this striving often is a source of anxiety and conflict over status.
The quasi-international relations within the early modern German Empire
have prompted seventeenth-century natural law theorists such as Samuel
Pufendorf and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz to reflect about this problem. In
his De statu imperii Germanici (1667), Pufendorf regards the power differ-
ences and dependencies between the Reichsstände to be an expression
of the deficits of constitutional structure of the Empire — a structure that,
in his view, causes internal division because it leads to distorted practices
of esteem between the estates. Against Pufendorf, Leibniz argues De jure
suprematus ac legationis (1671) that political actors such as the German
princes who are not Electors could fulfill functions under the law of nations
such as forming confederations and peace keeping. Incoherently,
however, Leibniz excludes less powerful estates such as the Imperial cit-
ies and the Hanseatic cities from the ensuing duties of esteem. [R, abr.]
72.5986 BROGDON, Matthew S. — Conscience, consent, and a mul-
tiplicity of factions: disestablishment and free exercise in
colonial American constitutionalism. Perspectives on Polit-
ical Science 51(2), 2022 : 53-66.
This essay examines the development of free exercise protections and
disestablishment of religion in the foundational laws of the American colo-
nies. Growing religious diversity was a harbinger of religious liberty in early
American constitutionalism. Yet the extension of free exercise protections
and the curtailment of church establishments also depended on patterns
of thought endemic to the theology of 17th- and 18th-c. Americans, shared
principles that predated the proliferation of enlightenment liberalism in
America. This narrative cautions against grounding religious liberty en-
tirely in modern liberalism; colonial Americans did not adopt religious lib-
erty as a result of secularization, but to protect their communities of faith
from political threats. A conception of church-state relations that exudes
hostility to faith is not likely to be durable. [R, abr.]
72.5987 BYLUND, Per L., ed. — The centenary of Frank H. Knight's
Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit. Journal of Institutional Eco-
nomics 1(6), Dec. 2021 : 877-1064.
Introduction by the editor. Articles by Ross B. EMMETT, "Uncertainty and
the social organization of economic activity", pp. 883-895; Scott BURNS,
G. P. MANISH and Malavika NAIR, "Knightian uncertainty in non-market
institutional settings: the case of democracy and nonprofit civil society",
pp. 897-911; Claus WIEMANN FRØLUND, "Institutions, uncertainty, and
entrepreneurial judgment", pp. 913-923; Malte F. DOLD and Mario J.
RIZZO, "Frank Knight and the cognitive diversity of entrepreneurship", pp.
925-942; Marek HUDIK and Per L. BYLUND, "Let's do it Frank's way: gen-
eral principles and historical specificity in the study of entrepreneurship",
pp. 943-958; Marian EABRASU, "Bet against yourself: integrating insur-
ance and entrepreneurship", pp. 959-972; Chris CLARKE, "The legacy of
Franck H. Knight for the politics of financial governance", pp. 973-987;
Joyce K. NABISAALU and Per L. BYLUND, "Knight, financial institutions,
and entrepreneurship in developing economies", pp. 989-1003; David B.
AUDRETSCH and Maksim BELITSKI, "Frank Knight, uncertainty and
knowledge spillover entrepreneurship", pp. 1005-1031; Peter J. BOETTKE
and Rosolino A. CANDELA; "The common sense of economics and diver-
gent approaches in economic thought: a view from Risk, Uncertainty, and
Profit", pp. 1033-1047; Joseph T. SALERNO, Carmen Elena DOROBAT
and Matthew C. McCAFFREY, "Monopoly as a 'culture-history fact':
Knight, Menger, and the role of institutions", pp. 1049-1064.
72.5988 COLPANI, Gianmaria — Two theories of hegemony: Stuart
Hall and Ernesto Laclau in conversation. Political Theory
50(2), Apr. 2022 : 221-246.
This essay stages a critical conversation between Stuart Hall and Ernesto
Laclau, comparing their different appropriations of Antonio Gramsci’s the-
ory of hegemony. In the 1980s, Hall and Laclau engaged with Gramsci
and with one another in order to conceptualize what they regarded as a
triangular relation between the rise of Thatcherism, the crisis of the Left,
and the emergence of new social movements. While many of their readers
emphasize the undeniable similarities and mutual influences that exist be-
tween Hall and Laclau, this essay focuses on the differences between their
theories of hegemony and locates the starkest contrast between them at
the level of theoretical practice. While the main lesson that Hall drew from
Gramsci was the privileging of conjunctural analysis, Laclau proceeded to
locate the concept of hegemony at a higher level of abstraction, develop-
ing a political ontology increasingly indifferent to any specific conjuncture.
[R, abr.]
72.5989 DOUGLASS, Robin — Bernard Mandeville on the use and
abuse of hypocrisy. Political Studies 70(2), May 2022 : 465-
482.
In The Fable of the Bees, Bernard Mandeville declared that ‘it is impossible
we could be sociable Creatures without Hypocrisy’. Mandeville set out his
ideas of sociability against Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftes-
bury, whose notions of virtue he dismissed as ‘a vast Inlet to Hypocrisy’.
The main goal of this article is to reconstruct Mandeville’s account of hy-
pocrisy, first by explaining why he accords it such a prominent role in
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