III Governmental and Administrative Institutions / Institutions Politique et Administratives
| Date | 01 October 2011 |
| Published date | 01 October 2011 |
| DOI | 10.1177/00208345110610050101 |
| Subject Matter | Articles |
597
III
GOVERNMENTAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTIONS
INSTITUTIONS POLITIQUES ET ADMINISTRATIVES
(a) Central institutions /Institu tions centrales
61.6091 AALBERG, Tor il ; STRÖMBÄCK, Jesper — Media-driven
men and media-critical wo men? An empirical study of
gender and MPs’ relationships with the media in Norway
and Sweden. International Political Science Review 32(2),
March 2011 : 167-187. [Résumé en français]
This study is an investigation of how members of the Norwegian and the
Swedish parliaments relate to and perceive the ir relationships with the
media. Based on surveys conducted among members of the Norwegian
Storting and the Swedish Riksdag, we find that male MPs have more
frequent and somewhat less formal relationships with media and journal-
ists comp ared with female MPs. The results also suggest that male MPs
have adapt ed to the media and t heir logic more tha n female MPs. Fe-
male MPs also appear to b e more critical towards the require ments
imposed on polit icians who want t o get m edia expos ure, comp ared with
male MPs. Analysis reveals that gender dif ferences are smaller amon g
Swedish than Nor wegian MPs. [R]
61.6092 ABDEL-LATIF, Abla ; SCHMITZ, Hubert — The politics of
investment and growth in Egypt: experimenting with a
new approach. Development Policy Review 29(4), J uly
2011 : 433-458.
"Improve the inves tment climate!" is the dominan t advice for govern-
ments wishing to achieve substantial increases in pr oductive private
investment. However, nation al-level investment-climate approaches have
been criticized for not paying adequate attention to c ontext and feas ibil-
ity. This article ex periments w ith a new ap proach which focuses on
sectors and on relationships between policy-makers and investors, and
shows how their common interest helped to overcome obstacles to
investment and growth in Egypt. Such public-private relationships c an be
abused by they have provided effective transitional arrangements for
enhancing investment and in ducing a new growth dynamic. [R]
61.6093 ACCOYER, B ernard — Parlement renforcé, Ve République
confortée (Reinforcement of [France's] pa rliament, co n-
solidation of the Fifth Republic). Commentaire 131,
Autumn 2010 : 605-612.
The 2008 French constitutional reform strengthened th e institutions of
the Fifth Republic by enhancing the role of parliament. In order to ensure
quality decision-making, the parliament has had to modernize its work ing
methods, deliberation p rocesses, and evaluation and oversight mec ha-
nisms. The reform gives parliament more control over its agenda and
calendar, allowing it to work more effectively. The reform also provides
MPs with the tools to ensure quality legislation. MPs will als o follow
closely the work of their EP counterparts. The constitutional reform
stresses the importance of accountability and evaluation for the parlia-
ment's work. Finally, the reform grants opposition party MPs special
rights that guarantee a truly democratic debate where all voices can be
heard.
61.6094 ADAMSON, Fiona B. — En gaging or con testing the l iberal
state? "Muslim" as a politicised identit y category in
Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 37(6), July
2011 : 899-915.
This article examines the use of “Muslim” as a politicized identity cate-
gory in Europe, connecting it to broader geopol itical developments, and
asking why and t o what extent it is employed by different actors to either
engage or contest t he liber al state. Examples of two distinct types of
deployment of the term are present ed. Th e Musl im Counci l of Britain
provides an example of an umbrella organization th at has dep loyed the
identity categor y as a means of mak ing c ollective claims on behalf of
British Musl ims and/or lobby ing vis-à-vis the state, thus engaging in
identity politic s and acti ng as an interes t re presentation group. A con-
trasting example is provided by the organization Hizb ut-Tahrir, which
deploys the categor y as a means of asserting a political identity in oppo-
sition to t he liberal state, directly juxtaposing the category of “Muslim”
with “British”. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 61.6095]
61.6095 ADAMSON, Fiona B. ; TRIADAFILOPOULOS, Triadafilos ;
ZOLBERG, Aristide R. — The limits of the liberal state:
migration, identity and belonging in Europe. Journal of
Ethnic and Migr ation Studies 37(6), July 201 1 : 843-859.
What are the contemporary “lim its of the libe ral state” with respect to
immigration, citizenship a nd the rights o f ethnic and r eligious minorit ies in
contemporary Europe? This introduction examines how recent develop-
ments in Europe raise new questio ns regarding the rel ationship between
liberalism, migration, identity and belonging. We identify three major
themes: the use of libera l norms by states for ex clusionary purposes; the
possibility of the emergence of “illiberal liberalism”; and the extent to
which identity politics and policy-making may be increasingly transcend-
ing and transformin g the limits of the li beral dem ocratic st ate in Europe.
[R, abr.] [Introduct ion to a thematic issue on "The limits of the liberal
states: migration, identity and belonging in Europe and the United
States", edited by the auth ors. See also Abstr. 61.5775, 6094, 6120,
6183, 6278, 6300]
61.6096 ADEBANWI, Wale ; OBADARE, Ebenezer — When corru p-
tion fights back: democracy and elite interest in Nigeria's
anti-corruption war. Journal of Modern African Studies
49(2), June 2011 : 185-214.
This essay analyzes the construction of the anti-corruption war under the
civilian government in Nigeria between 1999 and 2008. We consolidate
existing insights in the literature in three key ways. (1) We show that in
democratizing contexts like Nigeria, the gravest threats to anti-corruption
campaigns often emanate from a combination of intra-elite rancor and
political intrigue. (2) We provide an explanation of what happens when,
literally, corruption fig hts back. (3) We sugge st that where anti-corruption
efforts are not backed by other radical institutional reforms, they fall prey
to the overall endemic (systemic) cris is, a part of which, ab initio, neces-
sitated the anti-corruption war. [R]
61.6097 AGATHANGELOU , Anna M. ; KARAAĞAÇ, Bariş — Segre-
gations and geopolitical "new" orders: Turkish armed
forces as entrepreneurial venturist masters. Uluslararasi
Ilişkiler (International Relations) 29, 2011 : 101-122.
Beginning with t he epistemolo gical princ iple that IR c ritiques "world
politics", we look at the discipline of Internat ional Political Economy ( IPE)
within IR, c onsidering to what extent IPE re-thinks key IR divides. What
does IPE mean when the military-industrial complex is a site of p ower for
the accumulation of resour ces and k nowledge production? Can we
critically theorize without understanding the international, the military, or
the industrial as contested categories? How have critical theories of
security and militarization and their racial formations been "globally" and
"locally" positioned? Does an a ssumed segre gation of security and
property relations preclude making tensions visible in s ecurity reg imes
and a mong vulture capital ists? This essay foregrounds Turkey and its
armed forces as sites of critical inquiry into the key d ivides of IR. [R, abr.]
[See Abstr. 61.6050]
61.6098 AHMED, Nizam — Abolition or reform? Non-party care-
taker system and government succession in Bangladesh.
Round Table 414, June 2011 : 303-321.
This paper exp lores the characteristics, performance and pitfalls of the
non-party caretaker government (NPCG) system that Bangladesh has
developed to ensure foolproof parliamentary elections a nd an order ly
succession of government. This system differs from the traditional sys-
tem of the succession of government in a number of w ays: (1) none of
the c aretakers (members of NPCG) can be a member of the outgoing
government; (2) no caretaker can contest the elections; and ( 3) none can
also be a member of any poli tical party. The NPCG c an undertake only
election-related activities; it is not authorized to take any major policy
decision. Th e article examines the context within which the successive
caretaker governments (since 1991) have worked and compares and
contrasts their performance. [R, abr.]
61.6099 Al-AZAM, Sadik J. — Turkey, secularism and the EU: a
view from Damascus [Syria]. Philos ophy a nd So cial Cr iti-
cism 37(4), May 2011 : 449-457.
This article [examines] the impact of the free, democratic and peaceful
accession to power of the Islamic Justice and Development Party (AKP)
in Turkey on th e Arab world and t he Islamic current s active in Arab
societies. [I examine] how Arab political formations and especially politi-
cal Islam make sense out of such recent developments in Turkey as: (1)
Governmental and administrative institutions
598
the fact that traditionally reviled Turk ish secu larism, Ke malism and
westernism could produce a democratic form of political Islam capable of
winning free elections and ruling Turk ey without [damage]; and (2) the
fact that an Islamic AKP is the most eager pr oponent of Turkey' s mem-
bership in the secular EU, while the t raditional staunch military guardian
of Turkish secularism is now the main obs tructor of the driv e for EU
membership. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 61.5634]
61.6100 ALDRICH, Richard J. — "A profoundly disruptive force":
the [US] CIA, historiography and the pe rils of globaliza-
tion. Intelligence and National Security 26(2-3), Apr.-June
2011 : 139-158.
Since 1989, the CIA has been slow to und erstand the transformative
impact of globaliz ation upon its own activities as an intelligence agency.
While the C IA spent conside rable time exam ining global tr ends as part of
its wor k on g eneralized s trategic an alysis, its thinking about h ow global-
ization w ould change its ow n business was les s prescien t. This problem
is explained in terms of the way in which debates over the CIA have
been fram ed historiographical ly. While intelligence studies as a sub ject
has been s uccessfully integrated into mainstream intern ational history, it
has failed to make the same connec tions with IR . As a result, those
debating how inte lligence might change have tended to focus quite
narrowly on matters of bureaucratic organizatio n and have taken only
limited int erest in g lobal politic s. [R, abr.] [First ar ticle of a thematic is sue
on "The CIA and US foreign policy since 1947: reforms, reflections and
reappraisals", edited and introduced, by Kaeten MISTRY. See also
Abstr. 61.6230]
61.6101 ALLEN, Nicholas — Dishonourable members? Exploring
patterns of misconduct in the contemporary [UK] House
of Commons. British Politics 6(2) , June 2011 : 210-240.
This article systematically analyzes instances of officially recognized
misconduct in the House of C ommons since 1995. I t expl ores r ecent
institutiona l changes in the way t hat the House see ks to maintain M em-
bers' propriety and analyzes incidents of misconduct by coding every
critical report about a named MP published by the House's Committee on
Standards and Privile ges. The article identifies eig ht general types of
misconduct: breaching parliamentary pr ivilege, failing to register an
interest, f ailing to declare a r elevant inter est, engagin g in paid advocacy,
personal misbehavior, making an improper private gain from official
resources, making an improper political gain from official resources and
obstructing the House's inv estigative proc edures. It finds that fa ilures to
register financial interests were initially the most common form of mis-
conduct. [R, abr.]
61.6102 APPELBAUM, Richard P. ; PARKER, Rachel ; CAO Cong —
Developmental state and innovation: nanotechnology in
China. Global Networks 11(3), July 2011 : 298-314.
We examine t he role of th e Chinese gover nment in foster ing advances in
nanotechnology, while looking a t the promises and pitfalls of state-le d
development in the world's fastest-growing ma jor economy. China, like
many countries inv olved in catch-up developm ent, is convinced th at
manufacturing prowess alone is not enough to make it a leading ec o-
nomic power in the 21s t c. Our concern here is how, within the context of
nanotechnology, China's approac h to national deve lopment reflects the
debate on innovation. Many countries, including th e US, see government
spending on nanotechnology as essential to creating world leadership in
this emerging field. Unlike the US, government sources largely fund
nanotechnology in China, for its economy is in transition from state-
owned to privately-owned enterprises and s till suffers from a lack of
private investment capital. [R , abr.] [See Abstr. 61.7001]
61.6103 AROWOSEGBE, Jeremiah O. — State reconstru ction in
Africa: the relevance of Claude Ake’ s political thought .
International Affairs 87(3), May 2011 : 651-670.
This article discusses the relevance of C. Ake's political thought for state
reconstruction in post-conflict Africa. It underscores the need for the
autochthonous transformation of the state as a central component of
peace-building and p ost-conflict transition in the continent as Ake had
suggested. Drawing on Sierra Leone, it theorizes Ake's works on the
state in Africa against the backdrop of externally driven state reconstruc-
tion projec ts hinged on heg emonic discou rses of “ nation-building” in
post-conflict situations. It presents Ake's corpus as a basis for critiquing
ongoing state rehabilitation attempts and urges a return to endogenous
initiatives of rebuilding t he state from be low as a condition for achieving a
sustainable democratic reconstruction of the state in post-conflict Africa.
[R, abr.]
61.6104 ASH, John S. — Radiation or riots: risk perception in [UK]
nuclear power decision making and deliberative ap-
proaches to resolving stakehold er co nflict. Politics and
Policy 39(3), June 2011 : 317-344.
A grounded theory s tudy of interv iewees associa ted with the recent
decision by the UK government to reconsider nuc lear power-generation
indicates a fundamental causal fact or in stakeholder conflict. Despite
shared themes evident in the primary data, stakeholders participating in
the decision-making process find it difficult to reach an accommodation,
not s o much because of a llegiance to specific power sources, but be-
cause power sources are preferred when they mitigate the risks of most
concern. Individuals prioritize risks differently in accordance with their
own risk -perception, and a p ower source preferred by one stakeholder
as mitigation of [his] hi ghest priority risk is in i tself an intolerable risk for
another stakeho lder. The report considers a deliberativ e approach as a
prospective means of resolv ing this quandary. [R]
61.6105 ASISKOVITCH, Sharon — Dismantling the welfare state
from the left? Localization of global ideas in the case of
Israel’s 1998 Public Housing Law. Global Social Policy
11(1), Apr. 2011 : 69-87.
The article considers the contribution of actors not usually associated
with globalization and liberalization to the institutionalization of neoliber-
alism. Ne oliberal projects are considered to integrate global models with
local values. Thus, the main battlegr ounds are domestic arenas. Most
analyses foc us on p owerful agents associated with neoliberalism. How-
ever, other actors may hav e a supportive role. In legislating Is rael's
Public Housin g Law in 199 8, aimed at selling public dwellings to t enants,
left-wing politicians, “social” interest groups and tenants embraced the
discourse and goals of privatization. To explain this anomaly, one must
understand the weaknes s of social democr acy among the Israeli left and
the c entrality of Jewish-Zionist nationalism: in effect, supporters of the
law integr ated neoliber al discours es of privat ization with local disc ourses
of republicanism to advance p opulist privatization. [R, abr.]
61.6106 AVRIL, Pierr e — La double méprise (Twice misjudging
[the French constitutional practice since 2008]). Com-
mentaire 131, Autumn 2010 : 613-618.
The institutional practices following the election of N. Sarkozy to the
presidency are th e natural consequence of the five-year term and the
change of the electoral calendar. It can also be considered that these
practices suggest the beginning of a second Fifth Republic, or even of
the much-heralded Sixth Republ ic. The issues raised by the Constitu-
tional Act of 23 July 2008 require s erious and thoughtful consideration,
and a theoretical and concrete analysis of the mistakes. From a theoreti-
cal standpoint, it is wrong to think that it is necessary to rebalance the
executive and legislative powers. From a pragmatic per spective, the
reforms established are contradictory, and "presidential practices" seem
incompatible with the instit utions.
61.6107 BACCARO, Lucio — Democrazia discorsiva e formazione
delle preferenze : effetti sulla riforma pensionistica ital-
iana (Discursive democracy and preference format ion:
effects on the Italian pen sions reform ). Stato e Merc ato
91, Apr. 2011 : 129-160.
This paper argues that policy preferences are neither exogenous nor
fixed, b ut to a large extent shaped by organizational processes within
organized int erest groups. A decision-making process based on discur-
sive democracy contributes to determining the attitudes of a considerable
portion of the organization's constituents. In particular it has three effects:
an effect of pre ference-structuration, by which individuals who previously
did not have clear views about the issues develop them as r esult of the
process; a bipolarization eff ect, by which individuals become simultane-
ously mor e positive and negative, and less uncertain than o bservation-
ally-equivalent contr ols; and a selection effect, by which ind ividuals who
hold more ex ante favorable views are more likely to get involved in the
democratic process than other s. [R, abr.]
61.6108 BACHMANN, Klaus — Opposition lohnt sich — Die Eu-
ropäisierung der pol nischen Agrarpolitik (O pposition
pays: the Europeanization of Poland’s agricultural pol-
icy). Osteuropa 61(5-6), May-June 2011 : 125-140.
For a long time, Polish peasants were considered the group that could
cause Poland's EU accession to fail. Therefore, the pe asants' yes-vote in
the 2003 referendum was bough t outright. The benefits they were able t o
glean from the Polish and EU budgets are so great that former Eu-
roskeptics have become EU enthusiasts. But these benefits inhibited
structural change, reversed urbanization trends, and strengthened
resistance to reform. [R] [See Abstr. 61.6799]
61.6109 BAILEY, Mic hael A. ; YO ON, Albert — "While there’s a
breath in my body": the systemic effects of politically
motivated retirement from the [US] Supreme Court. Jour-
nal of Theoretical Politics 23( 3), July 2011 : 293-316.
Many observers of the US Supreme Court suspect that justices time their
departures from the Court based on ideologica l and political factors. T his
paper assesses the theoretical effects of such behavior. Does political
timing of retire ment devalue the appo intment process and thereby make
the Court less responsive to the p ublic? Do politically motivated retire-
ments lead to more justices serving beyond their productive years?
Based on a formal model of retirements, we find that politically motivated
retirements have little effect on political influence on the Court because,
To continue reading
Request your trial