Imposing a Condition on the Location of a Public Assembly: The Relevance of ‘Scene’ and the Need for Certainty

DOIhttp://doi.org/10.1177/00220183221138021
Published date01 December 2022
Date01 December 2022
ImposingaConditiononthe
LocationofaPublicAssembly:The
RelevanceofSceneandtheNeed
forCertainty
BennettandothersvDPP[2022]EWHC1822
(Admin)
Keywords
Publicassembly,location,breachofcondition,criminaloffence,certainty
TheappellantswerepartofanExtinctionRebellionprotestwhichtookplaceonWaterlooBridgeon19
April2019.Onthesameday,otherproteststookplaceinlocationsacrossLondon,includingParliament
Square,OxfordCircusandMarbleArch.TheofcerinchargeofpolicingatWaterlooBridge(theBronze
Commander)wasmadeawareofdisruptionbeingcausedbyprotestersactions,suchasmotorisedvehi-
clesbeingunabletocrossthebridge.Sinceshehadformedtheviewthatthepublicassemblymayresult
inseriousdisruptiontothelifeofthecommunity,sheexercisedherpowerunders.14(1)ofthePublic
OrderAct1986togivethefollowingdirection:
Iherebygiveadirectionimposingconditionsonthepersonsorganisingortakingpartintheassembly,which
appeartometobenecessarytopreventseriousdisorder,damage,disruptionorintimidation.Anyoneassem-
blingattheExtinctionRebellionprotestThisisanemergencyassemblywhichistakingplaceatWaterloo
BridgeandwishtocontinuewiththeirassemblymustgotoMarbleArch,thesiteofThisisanemergency
protestsite.
WhilstthedirectioncontainedanerrorinthatthenameoftheprotestatMarbleArchwasAct
NowratherthanThisisanemergency,itwasacceptedthatnothingturnedonthis.Itwasalso
acceptedbytheappellantsthattheywereawareofthes.14(1)directionatthematerialtime.Since
theyrefusedtomoveafterithadbeenissued,theywerearrestedandlaterchargedandconvicted
bymagistratesofhavingknowinglyfailedtocomplywithaconditionimposeduponapublicassem-
blycontrarytos.14(1)and(5)ofthe1986Act.Asubsequentappealagainsttheirconvictionswas
dismissedbytheCrownCourtatSouthwark.Theappellantsappealedagainstthatdecisionby
casestated.FourquestionswereposedfortheopinionoftheHighCourt:(a)wastheCrown
Courtwronginlawand/orirrationaltondthatthedirectionwasreasonablynecessaryandpropor-
tionatetopreventseriousdisorder?;(b)wastheCourtwronginlawtoholdthatthedirectiondidnot
impermissiblyprohibitfutureassemblies?;(c)wastheCourtwronginlawtoholdthatthedirection
didnotlacklegalcertainty?;and(d)wastheCourtwronginlawtoholdthatalawfulcondition
imposedunders.14(1)ofthe1986Actcanrequirethoseassemblingtomovetoalocationwhich
isnotpartofthescene?
CaseNote
TheJournalofCriminalLaw
2022,Vol.86(6)499502
©TheAuthor(s)2022
Articlereuseguidelines:
sagepub.com/journals-permissions
DOI:10.1177/00220183221138021
journals.sagepub.com/home/clj

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