Joseph A. Greenaway Jr. Lecture Series on Law and Justice-Speak at Your Own Peril

AuthorJoseph A. Greenaway
PositionCircuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Pages1-15
๎€ญ๎ถˆ๎ถŒ๎ตพ๎ถ‰๎ถ๎€ƒ๎€ค๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ช๎ถ‹๎ตพ๎ตพ๎ถ‡๎ตบ๎ถ๎ตบ๎ถ’๎€ƒ๎€ญ๎ถ‹๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฏ๎ตพ๎ตผ๎ถ๎ถŽ๎ถ‹๎ตพ๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎ตพ๎ถ‹๎ถ‚๎ตพ๎ถŒ๎€ƒ๎ถˆ๎ถ‡๎€ƒ๎€ฏ๎ตบ๎ถ๎€ƒ
๎ตบ๎ถ‡๎ตฝ๎€ƒ๎€ญ๎ถŽ๎ถŒ๎ถ๎ถ‚๎ตผ๎ตพ๎€
๎€ถ๎ถ‰๎ตพ๎ตบ๎ถ„๎€ƒ๎ตบ๎ถ๎€ƒ๎€ผ๎ถˆ๎ถŽ๎ถ‹๎€ƒ๎€ฒ๎ถ๎ถ‡๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎ตพ๎ถ‹๎ถ‚๎ถ…
๎€ซ๎’๎‘๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ญ๎’๎–๎ˆ๎“๎‹๎€ƒ๎€ค๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ช๎•๎ˆ๎ˆ๎‘๎„๎š๎„๎œ๎€๎€ƒ๎€ญ๎•๎€‘๎€๎€
๎€ค๎€ฅ๎€ถ๎€ท๎€ต๎€ค๎€ฆ๎€ท
This lecture given at Birmingham City University School of Law, March 21, 2019
considers the origins of the right to silence in the jurisprudence of the Supreme
Court of the United States and compares the constitutional protections against
self-incrimination with those of the United Kingdom. It notes that the e๎งผect of the
changes introduced by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and the Criminal
Justice and Public Order Act of 1994 is that there is now a fundamental divergence in
approach between the two jurisdictions and concludes that as the twenty ๎‚ฟrst century
progresses, defendants on both sides of the Atlantic will be less likely to exercise their
rights without consequence and then when they do choose to speak it will be at their
peril.
๎€ฎ๎€จ๎€ผ๎€บ๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ง๎€ถ
Right to Silence, The Warren Court, Miranda v. Arizona, Police and Criminal
Evidence Act 1984, Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
๎€ฆ๎€ฒ๎€ฑ๎€ท๎€จ๎€ฑ๎€ท๎€ถ
๎€ฅ๎•๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ญ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ค๎๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฏ๎ˆ๎Š๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎—๎˜๎‡๎Œ๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎€œ๎€‹๎€”๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€•๎€“๎€•๎€“๎€Œ๎€๎€ƒ๎€ง๎€ฒ๎€ฌ๎€๎€ƒ๎€”๎€“๎€‘๎€•๎€—๎€š๎€›๎€’๎…๎๎„๎๎–๎€๎€•๎€“๎€•๎€“๎€๎€“๎€“๎€“๎€š
ยฉ 2020 Hon. Joseph A. Greenaway, Jr., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License.
๎€๎€ƒ ๎€ฌ๎‘๎„๎˜๎Š๎˜๎•๎„๎๎€ƒ๎€ฏ๎ˆ๎†๎—๎˜๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‡๎ˆ๎๎Œ๎™๎ˆ๎•๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ ๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎€ฅ๎Œ๎•๎๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎‹๎„๎๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎Œ๎—๎œ๎€ƒ ๎€ธ๎‘๎Œ๎™๎ˆ๎•๎–๎Œ๎—๎œ๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎†๎‹๎’๎’๎๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ ๎€ฏ๎„๎š๎€๎€ƒ๎€ฐ๎„๎•๎†๎‹๎€ƒ๎€•๎€”๎€๎€ƒ
๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€œ
๎€๎€๎€ƒ๎€ƒ ๎€ฆ๎Œ๎•๎†๎˜๎Œ๎—๎€ƒ๎€ญ๎˜๎‡๎Š๎ˆ๎€๎€ƒ๎€ธ๎€‘๎€ถ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎’๎˜๎•๎—๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎€ค๎“๎“๎ˆ๎„๎๎–๎€ƒ๎‰๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎€ท๎‹๎Œ๎•๎‡๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎Œ๎•๎†๎˜๎Œ๎—๎€‘
๎€ฌ๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ฌ๎ถ‡๎ถ๎ถ‹๎ถˆ๎ตฝ๎ถŽ๎ตผ๎ถ๎ถ‚๎ถˆ๎ถ‡๎€ƒ๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘ ๎€•
๎€ฌ๎€ฌ๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ฒ๎ถ‹๎ถ‚๎ถ€๎ถ‚๎ถ‡๎ถŒ๎€ƒ๎ถˆ๎ตฟ๎€ƒ๎ถ๎ถ๎ตพ๎€ƒ๎€ต๎ถ‚๎ถ€๎ถ๎ถ๎€ƒ๎ถ๎ถˆ๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎ถ‚๎ถ…๎ตพ๎ถ‡๎ตผ๎ตพ๎€ƒ๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘ 3
๎€ฌ๎€ฌ๎€ฌ๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ท๎ถ๎ตพ๎€ƒ๎€ฌ๎ถ†๎ถ‰๎ตพ๎ถ๎ถŽ๎ถŒ๎€ƒ๎€ฅ๎ตพ๎ถ๎ถ‚๎ถ‡๎ตฝ๎€ƒ๎€ฐ๎ถ‚๎ถ‹๎ตบ๎ถ‡๎ตฝ๎ตบ๎€ƒ๎ถ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ค๎ถ‹๎ถ‚๎ถ“๎ถˆ๎ถ‡๎ตบ๎€๎€ƒ๎€–๎€›๎€—๎€ƒ๎€ธ๎€‘๎€ถ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€—๎€–๎€™๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€”๎€œ๎€™๎€™๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘ ๎€—
๎€ฌ๎€น๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ฆ๎ถˆ๎ถ†๎ถ‚๎ถ‡๎ถ€๎€ƒ๎ถˆ๎ตฟ๎€ƒ๎€ฐ๎ถ‚๎ถ‹๎ตบ๎ถ‡๎ตฝ๎ตบ๎€ƒ๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘ ๎€š
๎€น๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ธ๎€‘๎€ฎ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ต๎ถ‚๎ถ€๎ถ๎ถ๎€ƒ๎ถ๎ถˆ๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎ถ‚๎ถ…๎ตพ๎ถ‡๎ตผ๎ตพ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘ ๎€”๎€“
๎€น๎€ฌ๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ฆ๎ถˆ๎ถ†๎ถ‰๎ตบ๎ถ‹๎ถ‚๎ถŒ๎ถˆ๎ถ‡๎€ƒ๎ถˆ๎ตฟ๎€ƒ๎€ธ๎€‘๎€ถ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎ตบ๎ถ‡๎ตฝ๎€ƒ๎€ธ๎€‘๎€ฎ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘ ๎€”๎€–
๎€น๎€ฌ๎€ฌ๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ท๎ถ๎ตพ๎€ƒ๎€ต๎ถ‚๎ถ€๎ถ๎ถ๎€ƒ๎ถ๎ถˆ๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎ถ‚๎ถ…๎ตพ๎ถ‡๎ตผ๎ตพ๎€ƒ๎€ท๎ถˆ๎ตฝ๎ตบ๎ถ’๎€ƒ๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘๎€‘ ๎€”๎€—

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