Richard Gardiner, Treaty Interpretation

Date01 January 2017
Published date01 January 2017
Pages131-133
DOI10.3366/elr.2017.0399

The publication of this second edition of Richard Gardiner's Treaty Interpretation has been keenly awaited by those familiar with the first edition (2008). Gardiner stresses from the outset that the work is not a contribution to theory but, rather, that it aims to explain and assess the practical workings of treaty interpretation. In this respect, the new edition of the book comes at an apposite time with a number of important International Court of Justice (ICJ), arbitral and national judgments appearing since the first edition, and with the International Law Commission (ILC) having recently concluded its work on reservations. The ILC continues to explore the issues of subsequent practice and subsequent agreements and here the book deals only in a cursory manner with the ILC's interim reports (while dealing very well and extensively with the substantive issues themselves). The decision not to discuss at more length the ILC's interim reports is to some extent understandable given both the interim nature of the reports and extensive analysis elsewhere (for instance the edited collection by Professor Nolte, the ILC's Special Rapporteur on the subject, Treaties and Subsequent Practice (OUP: Oxford 2013)). While understandable the decision is perhaps unfortunate as Gardiner's insights and perspectives would surely have enriched the debate.

The structure of the book is, of course, in part dictated by the relevant provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) dealing with treaty interpretation, namely: the “General Rule” in article 31, the “Supplementary Rules” in article 32, and the interpretation of treaties concluded in more than one language in article 33. These issues, together with what Gardiner terms the “Interpretative Material Generated by Treaty Making” (mainly, reservations, statements or interpretative declarations), make up the focus of the book (328 pages out of 523).

Its major achievement is that while dealing forensically and under separate headings with each element of each rule, Gardiner never loses sight of the fact that within each rule, the various components cannot be applied mechanically and separately from each other. Emblematic of this is the fact that several cases are discussed at different points in the chapter on each rule (for instance, under “subsequent agreement” and also under “other rules of international law”). The second edition continues to use a very effective device to underscore these and other key...

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