Terrorism and other Determinants of Fear of Crime in the Philippines
| Author | Joongyeup Lee,Seksan Khruakham |
| DOI | 10.1350/ijps.2014.16.1.323 |
| Published date | 01 March 2014 |
| Date | 01 March 2014 |
| Subject Matter | Paper |
International Journal of Police Science & Management Volume 16 Number 1
Page 1
International Journal of Police
Science and Management,
Vol. 16 No. 1, 2014, pp. 1–15.
DOI: 10.1350/ijps.2014.16.1.323
Terrorism and other determinants of fear of
crime in the Philippines
Seksan Khruakham† and Joongyeup Lee‡
‡(Corresponding author) School of Public Affairs, Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg, USA.
Tel.: +1 717 315 7111; email: joongyeup@psu.edu
†Faculty of Social Science, Royal Police Cadet Academy of Thailand, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Submitted 25 September 2013; accepted 15 October 2013
Keywords: fear of crime, the Philippines, terrorism, satisfaction with police
Dr Seksan Khruakham, an assistant professor
of social science at Royal Police Cadet Academy
in Thailand, received his PhD in Criminal Justice
from Sam Houston State University in 2011. He
worked as an officer in Bangkok, the capital of
Thailand, and has been as a faculty in the Royal
Police Cadet Academy since August 2007. His
research interests include crime prevention and
policing.
Dr Joongyeup Lee is an assistant professor
in the School of Public Affairs at Pennsylvania
State University-Harrisburg. His research inter-
ests include quantitative research on police
decision-making and criminology. His work has
been published in Crime and Delinquency, Devi-
ant Behavior, Policing: An International Journal
of Police Strategies and Management and Inter-
national Journal of Police Science and Manage-
ment, among others.
AbstrAct
Many studies in Western society have examined
the determinants of fear of crime. However, research
on fear of crime has rarely been conducted for Asian
countries, particularly South East Asia. We exam-
ine the relationship between the concern of terror-
ism and fear of crime in the Philippines. Other
determinants of fear of crime are also considered.
Data were derived from the 1995 Social Weather
Stations Survey in the Philippines. Statistical
analysis reveals that concern of terrorism and four
other factors, residential location, gender, marital
status and victimisation due to home break-ins,
were significant determinants of fear of crime in the
Philippines. Policy implications and limitations are
discussed.
INTRODUCTION
In Western society, there is a volume of stud-
ies that examine the relationship between
fear of crime and other social factors, such
as media consumption, a citizen’s satisfac-
tion with police performance, crime victim-
isation, perceived seriousness of crime in a
neighbourhood and a citizen’s demographical
characteristics. Nevertheless, there is no study
in the existing literature focusing on the rela-
tionship between fear of crime and terror-
ism. In addition, research on fear of crime
has rarely been conducted in Eastern soci-
ety, particularly South East Asia. Ultimately,
findings from fear of crime research lay the
foundation for improvements in neighbour-
hood environment and safety. It is impera-
tive to understand why people feel fearful of
crime and what factors cause fear of cr ime,
and then improve the situation by focusing
on the identified factors (Zhao, Scheider, &
Thurman, 2002). This study attempts to con-
tribute to the growing body of fear of crime
research in Asia and to the improvement of
strategies for dealing with fear of crime in
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