Upper Tribunal (Immigration and asylum chamber), 2008-05-21, [2008] UKAIT 47 (WD (Lebanon, Palestinian, risk))
| Jurisdiction | UK Non-devolved |
| Judge | Mr D K Allen, Miss K Eshun, Mrs G Greenwood |
| Status | Reported |
| Date | 21 May 2008 |
| Published date | 03 June 2008 |
| Court | Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) |
| Hearing Date | 07 March 2008 |
| Subject Matter | Lebanon, Palestinian, risk |
| Appeal Number | [2008] UKAIT 47 |
WD (Lebanon – Palestinian – ANO – risk) Lebanon CG [2008] UKAIT 00047
Asylum and Immigration Tribunal
THE IMMIGRATION ACTS
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Heard at Field House |
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On 6 & 7 March 2008
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Before
Senior Immigration Judge Allen
Senior Immigration Judge Eshun
Mrs G Greenwood
Between
WD
Appellant
and
Secretary of State for the Home Department
Respondent
Representation:
For the Appellant: Mr D Blum, Counsel, instructed by Knights Solicitors
For the Respondent: Mr G Saunders, Home Office Presenting Officer
DETERMINATION AND REASONS
The Abu Nidal Organisation (“ANO”) exists now as no more than separate cells and individuals operating on their own, and hence is very unlikely to pose a real threat to an individual who has in the past been the object of its hostility.
1. The appellant is a Palestinian, a former resident in Lebanon. He appealed to an Adjudicator against the Secretary of State's decision of 11 August 2004 to remove him as an illegal entrant from the United Kingdom. In a determination promulgated on 16 December 2004 the Adjudicator dismissed his appeal. The appellant subsequently sought permission to appeal to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal. A Vice President refused permission on 22 February 2005. The appellant thereafter sought statutory review, and on 7 April 2005 Silber J reversed the decision of the Tribunal refusing leave. The appeal then came before a panel of the AIT on 9 May 2006 as a reconsideration of the Adjudicator's decision. The Tribunal did not find there to be a material error of law in the Adjudicator's decision and accordingly ordered that his decision dismissing the appeal was to stand. The appellant thereafter sought permission to appeal to the Court of Appeal. This was refused by a Senior Immigration Judge on 22 June 2006, but on application to the Court of Appeal permission was granted by Neuberger LJ on 16 August 2006. Subsequently by consent, in an order made by Laws LJ on 26 September 2006, the order of the Tribunal of 10 May 2006 was set aside and the matter was remitted to the Tribunal for a consideration of whether the determination of the Adjudicator disclosed an error of law.
2. The matter came before a panel of the Tribunal on 24 November 2006 and it was determined that the Adjudicator's decision was materially flawed and that there must be a full reconsideration in the case. It stated:
“1. (repeats the above paragraph 1)
2. The appeal came before us on 24 November 2006. Mr P Richardson, instructed by Knight Solicitors, appeared on behalf of the appellant. Mr C Hearsum appeared on behalf of the Secretary of State.
3. We heard submissions from Mr Richardson and Mr Hearsum. It was agreed that all the issues that were argued as errors in the Adjudicator’s determination were before us for consideration. In addition Mr Richardson argued, and Mr Hearsum did not disagree, that it was open to him to argue the issue of whether Fatah could be regarded as an agent of protection. Mr Richardson argued that a basis for this could be found in the broad challenge to the findings on risk on return in the original grounds, in that arguably, the finding on sufficiency of protection was related to that issue. Mr Hearsum agreed that there was a material error of law in that regard as well as with regard to the other matters contended for in the original grounds.
4. The grounds of appeal against the Adjudicator’s determination contend firstly that the credibility findings are flawed. In this regard it is said that paragraph 11 of the Adjudicator’s determination provided no reasoning for the conclusion that the appellant was not a courier for Fatah as he suggested. The point is made that there was an error in the refusal letter upon which the Adjudicator relied, at paragraph 11, wrongly stating the date of Abu Nidal’s death as being August 2003 when in fact it was August 2002. In addition, the Adjudicator had not addressed his mind to the answers given by the appellant in his statement of 18 August 2004 at paragraphs 23 to 37 to the respondent’s challenges to his credibility in the refusal letter.
5. The next ground concerns the failure by the Adjudicator to take account of the evidence of the appellant’s wife, Mrs HW. Thirdly it is argued that the findings on risk on return at paragraph 11 do not deal with the essential issues in the case. It is argued that the objective evidence referred to by the Adjudicator was contradictory and it was unclear what objective evidence he was referring to in the relevant part of his determination and it was therefore impossible properly to analyse his approach to the appellant’s case in the light of the objective evidence. The fourth ground comprises in effect a challenge to the IAT in KK [2004] UKIAT 00293. As is noted, the Adjudicator did not rely on this decision but decided the appeal in line with the guidance given in that decision. Reference is made to the fact that permission had been sought to appeal KK to the Court of Appeal and it was argued that the conclusion of the Adjudicator in stating that the systematic discrimination suffered by Palestinians in Lebanon did not cross the Article 3 or persecutory threshold was an error of law.
6. We agree that all of these matters identify errors of law in the Adjudicator’s determination. The grounds are terse and coherent, and we see no particular benefit in paraphrasing them as they make the points contained within them perfectly clearly. The only comment we might make with regard to ground 4 is that subsequently the Court of Appeal refused to grant permission to appeal in the case of KK. That in no sense however precludes the issue being revisited given the fact that by the time this appeal is heard again the best part of three years will have elapsed between the consideration of the evidence in that regard in KK and that hearing and it may well be appropriate for the issues to be revisited. We also consider that an error of law was identified as agreed between the representatives and as noted above with regard to the issue of the ability of Fatah to protect the appellant against the Abu Nidal organisation as a matter of law. We make the further comment that it is in our view necessary or at the very least highly desirable for there to be expert evidence to deal with several of the issues that will arise on the stage two hearing of this appeal. Evidence is needed on the influence and reach of the Abu Nidal organisation and also of the ability of Fatah to protect against the Abu Nidal organisation. Also expert evidence is needed on the question of the extent to which Fatah has de facto control over parts of Lebanon which arguably is the relevant test in assessing whether as a matter of law it is able to afford protection to a person such as the appellant.
7. For the above reasons we conclude that the Adjudicator’s determination is materially flawed and as a consequence there must be a full reconsideration in this case.”
3. The stage 2 hearing took place before us on 6 March 2008. Mr D Blum, instructed by Knights Solicitors, appeared on behalf of the appellant. Mr G Saunders appeared on behalf of the Secretary of State.
4. The appellant, WD, gave evidence as follows. He confirmed his name and his address as on the file. He had made three statements, the SEF statement of 21 June 2004, a further statement on 18 August 2004, and a third statement of 15 November 2006. These had all been translated and read back to him and he was aware of their contents and to the best of his knowledge they were true and accurate and he was willing to have them stand as his evidence-in-chief today.
Discussion
5. In his first statement, the SEF statement, dated 21 June 2004, the appellant said that he had lived in Al-Rashidieh camp in the Lebanon all his life. He had decided to join and support Fatah at the age of fourteen. He was sent for training in east Sidon and after that he became a fully fledged member of Fatah in 1995 when he was nineteen years old. After the year 2000 he became a messenger for Fatah and at that time his leader was IK who was in charge of security, and who was the personal guard to Soultan Aboul al Nein. His task as messenger was to deliver letters, photographs and messages for Fatah between the different refugee camps in north and south Lebanon. He described the people to whom he delivered items and messages in the camps. He had to deliver items about two times a week and he did this by hiding the letters under his clothes and took taxis and buses to the different camps and went by various routes also.
6. He married his wife on 13 January 2002. He said than she came from a family with a strong history in Fatah and was also a member of Fatah.
7. He said that his problems began when the Fatah Revolutionary Council (which, as is noted at paragraph 14 below, we refer to as the ANO, and will be referred to hereafter as the ANO) became aware of him. He said that they were another refugee group in Rashidieh and knew he was a messenger for Fatah and wanted him to divulge confidential and sensitive information to them. He said they wanted to know the identities of the people he dealt with in the other camps. He said that the first time he was...
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